Auto racing (also known as auto racing , motor racing , or racing cars ) is motorsport involving auto racing for the competition.
Almost immediately after the car was created, the various races were arranged, with the first recorded in early 1867. Many of the earliest events were an effective reliability test, aiming to prove these new machines were a practical mode of transportation, but soon became an important way for competitors to demonstrate their machine. In the 1930s specialist racing cars have been developed.
Now there are many different categories, each with different rules and regulations.
Video Auto racing
Histori
The pre-arranged race race of two self-powered road vehicles over the specified route occurred at 4:30 am. on August 30, 1867, between Ashton-under-Lyne and Old Trafford, a distance of eight miles. It was won by Isaac Watt Boulton train.
Internal combustion car racing events began shortly after the construction of the first successful gasoline-fueled car. The first organized contest was on April 28, 1887, by the chief editor of the Parisian publication Le VÃÆ' Â © locipÃÆ'¨de , Monsieur Fossier. It ran 2 kilometers (1.2 million) from the Neuilly Bridge to the Bois de Boulogne.
On July 22, 1894, Paris magazine Le Petit Journal organized what is considered to be the world's first automotive competition, from Paris to Rouen. One hundred two competitors pay a 10-franc entry fee.
The first American car race was generally held as the Chicago Times-Herald Thanksgiving Day on November 28, 1895. Press coverage at the event first aroused America's significant interest in cars.
With France-dominated car and racing cars, the French ACF car club has hosted a number of major international races, usually from or to Paris, connected to other major cities, in France or elsewhere in Europe.
Brooklands, in Surrey, is the first purpose-built motorcycle racetrack that was built in June 1907. It featured a 4.43 km (2.75 million) concrete track with a high-speed bend in the corner.
One of the most widely built car racing circuits in the United States, still in use, is the Motor Speedway at Speedway, Indiana, along 2.5 miles (4.0 km). It is the largest capacity sports venue of any kind around the world, with the largest capacity of around 257,000 seated spectators.
NASCAR was founded by Bill France, Sr. on February 21, 1948, with the help of several other drivers at the time. The first "Strictly Stock" NASCAR race ever took place on June 19, 1949, in Daytona Beach, Florida.
From 1962, sport cars whilst taking the backseat for GT cars, with the FIA ​​replacing the World Championships for Sport Cars with the International Championships for GT Manufacturers.
From 1972 to 2003, NASCAR's main series was called the Winston Cup Series, sponsored by the Winston R.Treynolds Tobacco Company cigarette brand. Changes resulting from RJR involvement, as well as reduced schedules from 48 to 31 races per year, were established in 1972 as the beginning of the "modern era" of NASCAR.
The IMSA GT Series evolved into the American Le Mans Series, which ran its first season in 1999. The European race eventually became the closely related Le Mans Series, both combining prototype and GT.
Turismo Carretera (Road racing, lit., Road Touring) is a popular touring car series in Argentina, and the oldest active car racing series in the world. The first TC competition took place in 1937 with 12 races, each in different provinces. Formula One star Juan Manuel Fangio (Chevrolet) won the 1940 and 1941 editions of TC. At that moment, the Chevrolet-Ford Competition series began, with Ford gaining most of its historical victory.
Maps Auto racing
Category
Open wheel racing
The two most popular types of open wheel racing are Formula One and IndyCar Series.
Formula One is a European-based series that only runs street and street courses. These cars are very technologically advanced, and very fast through the turns. These cars can go 375 kph (233 mph). Some of the famous races they run are the Monaco Grand Prix, the Italian Grand Prix, and the British Grand Prix. The season ends with the crowning of the World Championships for drivers and constructors.
In single-seater, the wheel is not closed, and the cars often have front and rear aerofoil wings to generate downforce and improve adhesion to the track. In Europe and Asia, open wheel racing is often referred to as "Formula", with appropriate hierarchical endings. In North America, the term "Formula" is not followed (with the exception of F1). The sport is usually organized to follow international formats (such as F1), regional formats (such as Formula 3 Euro Series), and/or domestic, or country specific formats (such as the German Formula 3 championship, or Ford Formula Ford).
In America, the most popular series is the National Championship, better known as the IndyCar Series and formerly known as CART). The cars are traditionally the same despite less advanced technology than the F1 car, with more restrictions on technology aimed at controlling costs. While these cars are not technologically advanced, they are faster, especially as they compete on an oval race track, capable of an average of one lap at 388 kph (241 mph). The biggest race of the series is the Indianapolis 500, often referred to as "The Greatest Spectacle in Racing" for being the longest continuous race and having the largest crowd for a one-day sporting event (350,000).
Other major international single-seater racing series are GP2 (formerly known as Formula 3000 and Formula Two). Regional series include Formula Nippon and Formula V6 Asia (especially in Asia), Formula Renault 3.5 (also known as World Series by Renault, World Series succession series by Nissan), Formula Three, Formula Palmer Audi and Atlantic Formula. In 2009, the FIA ​​Formula Two Championship brought the revival of the F2 series. Domestic, or country specific, series include Formula Three and Formula Renault, with a leading introductory series being Formula Ford.
One-seat races are not limited to teams and professional drivers. There are many amateur racing clubs. In the UK, the big club series are Monoposto Racing Club, BRSCC F3 (Previous ClubF3, formerly ARP F3), Formula Vee and Club Formula Ford. Each series serves the market part, with some primarily providing cheap races, while others aim for authentic experience using the same rules as the professional series (BRSCC F3).
There is another category of single-seater racing, including racing karts, which use small and inexpensive machines on small tracks. Many drivers are currently starting their careers in karts. The Ford Formula represents the most popular open wheel category first for newly started drivers from karts. The series is still the preferred choice, as it has introduced aero and slick packages, allowing junior drivers to gain experience in race cars with the more dynamic F1. The Star Mazda Series is another entry-level series.
Students in colleges and universities can also take part in single-seater races through the Formula SAE competition, which involves designing and building a single passenger car in a multidisciplinary team and racing it in the competition. It also develops other soft skills, such as teamwork, while promoting motorsport and techniques.
Formula racing team of all the world's first women was created in 2006. The group is a collection of drivers from various racing disciplines and formed for MTV reality pilots, who were shot at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca.
In December 2005, the FIA ​​gave approval to Formula Superleague racing, which debuted in 2008, where the racing team is owned and run by leading sports clubs such as A.C. Milan and Liverpool F.C.
After 25 years of sport, former Formula 2 champion Jonathan Palmer reopened the F2 category again; most drivers have graduated from Formula Palmer Audi series. This category is officially listed as the FIA ​​Formula Two championship. Most of the rounds have two races and are a support race for the FIA's World Touring Car Championship.
Car racing tour
Touring car racing is a street-style racing run with a production-derived race car. It often displays full contact racing due to differences in small velocities and large grids.
The major touring car championships around the world are the Supercar Championships (Australia), the UK Touring Car Championships, the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM), and the World Touring Car Championships. The European Touring Car Cup is a one-day event open to the Super 2000 specification that uses cars from many of Europe's national championships.
Sports Car Club of America The SPEED World Challenge Touring Car and GT Championships are very dominant in North America. The historic Trans-Am Series in America is undergoing a transition period, but it is still the longest road racing series in the US. The National Vehicle Automobile Association also provides a place for amateurs to compete in homemade home-made vehicles in various regions. circuit.
Sports car racing
In sports car racing, the sports car production version, also known as grand tourers (GTs), and specially designed sports prototype cars compete in their respective classes on closed circuits. The main championship series of sports car racing is the FIA ​​World Endurance Championship. The main series for GT car racing is the FIA ​​GT1 World Championship. There are also FIA GT3 European Championship and GT4 European Cup is less strong. Previously, the FIA ​​GT2 European Championship medium existed, but the FIA ​​dropped it to cut costs. Other major GT Championships include the Japanese Super GT and GT Open International championships for GT2 and GT3 cars. There is also a national GT championship that uses GT3 and GT4 cars primarily featuring professional and amateur drivers alike.
The sports prototype, unlike the GT car, does not rely on legal street cars as a base. They are closed and often closed-cockpit racing cars designed specifically for endurance racing. They have a much lower weight and more down styles compared to GT cars, making them faster. They compete within 24 hours of Le Mans (held annually since 1923) and in Le Mans (Europe) series, Le Mans Asia Series and SportsTech SportsCar Championship. These cars are referred to as LMP cars (Le Mans prototype) with LMP1 run mainly by manufacturers and LMP2 cars that are slightly less powerful run by privateer teams. Third Le Mans Series runs a GT car in addition to the Le Mans Prototype; these cars have different restrictions from the FIA ​​GT car.
Other prototypes and GT racing championships exist in the United States; The Grand-Am, which started in 2000, provides its own Rolex Sports Car Series sanction series, which consists of slower racing cars and is cheaper than the LMP and FIA GT cars. Rolex Sports Car Series and American Le Mans Series announced a merger between two series that comprised the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship starting in 2014.
The race is often done in long distances, at least 1,000 km (621 mi), and the car is driven by teams of two or more drivers, switching every few hours. Due to the performance difference between production-based sports cars and artificial sports prototypes, one race usually involves several racing classes, each fighting for their own championship.
Well-known sports car races include 24 Hours of Le Mans, Rolex 24 in Daytona, 24 Hour Spa-Franchorchamps, 12 Hours of Sebring, 6 Hours of Watkins Glen, and Petit Petit 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of Mans on Road Atlanta. There is also a 24 Hour NÃÆ'¼rburgring on the famous Nordschleife track and Dubai 24 Hours Clock, which is intended for GT3 cars and under it with a mix of professional and pro-am drivers.
Production car race
The production race car, otherwise known as the "showroom stock" in the US, is an economical and limited version of the rules of the race car tour, mainly used to limit the cost. Many categories of production racing are based on making certain cars.
Most series follow Group N rules with some exceptions. There are several different series that run around the world, most notably, the Japanese Super Taikyu and the IMSA Firehawk Series, which ran in the 1980s and 1990s throughout the United States.
One-make racing
Single-create, or single marque, championships often use production-based cars from single manufacturers or even single models from various manufacturers. There are many famous one-make formulas from different countries and regions, some of them - like Porsche Supercup and, before, IROC - have cultivated many different national championships. Single marque series are often found at club level, where production cars, limited modifications, and close parity in performance are perfect. Some of the more famous single-make series are the Mini 7 Championship, Radical European Masters, John Cooper Mini Challenge, Clio Cup, Ginettas, Caterhams, BMW and MX5s. There is also a single-chasis single-seater formula, such as Formula Renault and Formula BMW, usually as the "feeder" series for the "senior" formula (in farm team mode).
Stock car races
In North America, stock car racing is the most popular form of racing cars. Generally bolted on oval tracks, stock cars are similar to production cars, but are actually racing engines built specifically for tight specifications and are also called Silhouette racing cars.
The largest racing stock regulator is NASCAR (National Association for Auto Racing Car Sharing). The main series of NASCAR are Monster Energy Cup Series, the most famous races are Daytona 500, 500 South, Coca-Cola 600, and Brickyard 400. NASCAR also runs several feeder series, including Xfinity Series and World Truck Camping Series (pickup truck racing series). The series holds a race across the entire continent of the United States. Pinty NASCAR series races in Canada and the NASCAR PEAK Mexico Series race across Mexico.
NASCAR also arranges several smaller regional series, such as the Whelen Modified Tour. The modified car is best described as an open wheel car. The modified car has no part associated with a named stock vehicle. A number of modified cars display the "manufacturer" and "vehicle name" logos, but use components manufactured by other car manufacturers.
There are also other stock car regulators, especially the Automobile Racing Club of America (ARCA).
In the UK, British Stock racing cars are also referred to as "Short Circuit Racing". This happens on a shale or tarmac track - usually about 1/4 mile long. The governing bodies for the sport are the Oval Racing Council (ORC) and BriSCA. Both bodies consist of each stadium promoter. There are about 35 tracks in the UK and over 7000 active drivers. Sport is divided into three basic divisions - differentiated by rules regarding car contacts during the race. The most famous championship is BriSCA F1 Stock Cars. The complete contact formulas include Bangers, Bombs and Rookie Bangers - and features Demolitions Derbies racing, Picture Eight racing and Oval Racing.
The Semi Contact Formulas include BriSCA F1, F2 and Superstox - where bumpers are used tactically.
Formula non-kontak termasuk National Hot Rods, Stock Rods dan Lightning Rods.
The UK Stock car race began in the 1950s and grew rapidly through the 1960s and 1970s.
Rallying
Public meetings at international and national championship levels involve two classes of legal, homologous, production-based automobile production; Group N production cars and more modified Group A cars. Cars compete in closed public roads or off-road areas in a point-to-point format where participants and their peers "rally" to a set of points, leaving in regular intervals from the starting point. A rally is usually done through a number of "special stages" in any field, where entrants are often allowed to lurk at first at reduced speeds that make up brief descriptions of trajectories or paths as they go. This detailed description is known as a step note. During the actual rally, the co-driver reads the speed record aloud (using the intercom system in the helmet) to the driver, enabling them to complete each stage as quickly as possible. Competition is based on the lowest total time elapsed during the special stages of the event, including penalties.
The top series is the World Rally Championship (WRC), first contested in 1973, but there are also regional championships, and many countries have their own national championships. Some famous marches include Monte Carlo Rally, Rally Argentina, Rally Finland and Rally GB. Another notable event (best described as a rally attack) is the Paris-Dakar Rally, which was conceived in 1978. There are also many smaller club categories, levels of rallies, popular among amateurs, forming "grassroots" of sports motorcycle. Cars at this level may not fully meet the requirements of group A or group N homologation. Other major rally events include the British Rally Championship, Intercontinental Rally Challenge, African Rally Championships, Asia-Pacific Rally Championships, and endurance rally events like the Dakar Rally.
The Targa Tasmania, held in the Australian island state of Tasmania and run annually since 1992, takes its name from Targa Florio, an automotive event held on the island of Sicily. The concept of the competition is taken directly from the best features of Mille Miglia, Coupe des Alpes and Tour de Corse. Similarly named events around the world include Canada-based Targa Newfoundland, Targa West based in Western Australia, Targa New Zealand and other small events.
Drag race
In a drag race, the goal is to complete a given straight line distance, from the start of the stand, in front of the vehicle on the parallel path. This distance is traditionally 1 / 4 mi (400 m), although 1 / 8 mile/mile (200 m) has become popular since the 1990s. Vehicles may or may not be signaled to start at the same time, depending on the racing class. Vehicles range from everyday cars to specially constructed dragsters. The speed and time elapsed differ from class to class. The average street car covers Ã,¼ miles in 12 to 16 seconds, while the top fuel tower takes 4.5 seconds or less, reaching speeds up to 530 km/h (329 mph). Drag racing was organized as a sport by Wally Parks in the early 1950s through NHRA (National Hot Rod Association). NHRA was formed to prevent street racing.
Upon launching, the top fuel dragster will accelerate at 3.4 g (33 m/s ²), and when the parachute braking is deployed the slowdown is 4 g (39 m/s ²), more than the Space Shuttle experience. Top fuel cars can be heard as far as 8 miles (13 km) and can produce readings from 1.5 to 3.9 on the Richter scale.
Drag racing is two head-to-head cars, the winner goes on to the next round. Professional class all first to win the finish line. The athlete's race has an obstacle (the car gets slower getting the start start) using the index (lowest allowed), and the car goes below (faster than) their index "out" and loses. The slowest car, the bracket racer, is also flawed, but rather than the index, they use dial-in.
Off-road racing
In off-road racing, various classes of specially modified vehicles, including cars, compete in races through off-road environments. In North America this race often occurs in the desert, like the famous Baja 1000. Another format for off-road racing takes place on short course short courses such as Crandon International Off-Road Raceway. In the 1980s and 1990s, short courses were extended to races inside the stadium at Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group; this format was revived by Robby Gordon in 2013 with his Speed ​​Energy Formula Off-Road series.
In Europe, "offroad" refers to events such as autocross or rallycross, while desert races and rally-raids such as Paris-Dakar, Master Rallye or "bajas" Europe are called "cross-country demonstrations."
Racing kart
The modern cart was invented by Art Ingels, a manufacturer at the Indianapolis Kurtis-Kraft car manufacturer, in Southern California in 1956. Ingels took a small chainsaw machine and mounted it to a simple tube-frame frame weighing less than 100 pounds Ingels, and everyone riding kart, surprised by its performance capabilities. This sport soon developed in Southern California, and quickly spread throughout the world. Although often seen as an entry point for serious riders into sports, kart racing, or karting, it can be an economical way for amateurs to try racing as well as fully fledged international sports in its own right. Most professional drivers start in karts, often from a very young age, such as Michael Schumacher and Fernando Alonso. Several former motorcycle champions have also taken up sports, especially Wayne Rainey, who was paralyzed in a racing accident and now riding a hand-controlled kart. As one of the cheapest ways to race, karting sees its popularity growing all over the world.
Despite its small size, the most powerful karting class, the superkart, can have a power-to-weight ratio of 440 hp/ton.
History race
Because modern motor racing centers on modern technology with the many sponsors and corporate politics involved, historical races tend to be the opposite. Because it is based on a particular era it is more hobby-oriented, reducing corporate sponsorship and politics. Events are set only to allow cars in a particular era to participate. The only modern equipment used is related to security and timeliness. Historical events can be a number of different motorsport disciplines. Particularly some of their most famous events are the Goodwood Festival of Speed ​​and Goodwood Revival in the UK and Monterey Historic in the United States. The championship ranges from "grass root" Austin Seven racing to the FIA ​​Thoroughbred Grand Prix Championship for the classic Formula One chassis.
Although there are some professional teams and drivers in history racing, this automotive sport is likely to be contested by rich car owners and thus more amateur and less competitive in its approach.
Other categories
Flag use
In many types of auto races, especially those held in closed courses, flags are shown to indicate the general status of the track and to communicate instructions to competitors. While individual series have different rules, and flags have changed from the first years (eg, red is used to start the race), this is generally acceptable.
Accident
For the worst accident in racing history, see the Le Mans disaster of 1955.
Car racing setup
In auto racing, racing settings or car settings are a set of adjustments made for vehicles to optimize their behavior (performance, handling, reliability, etc.). Adjustments can occur in suspensions, brakes, transmissions, engines, tires, and many others.
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics and airflow play a major role in the setting of race cars. Aerodynamic downforce improves racing car handling by lowering the center of gravity and distributing the car's weight evenly on each tire. Once this is achieved, fuel consumption decreases and the power to the car is significantly lowered. Many aerodynamic experiments are conducted in the wind tunnel, to simulate real-life situations while measuring various drag styles in the car. This "Rolling Way" generates a lot of wind and direct airflow situations at a certain speed and angle. When the diffuser is installed beneath the car, the drag force number decreases significantly, and overall vehicle aerodynamics is adjusted positively. The wings and canards deliver the airflow in the most efficient way to get the least drag from the car. It has been proven experimentally that downforce is obtained and vehicle handling is greatly changed when the aerodynamic wings on the front and rear of the vehicle are mounted.
Suspension
The suspension plays a big role in giving the race car the ability to be driven optimally. Shocks are mounted vertically or horizontally to prevent the body from rolling in the corner. This suspension is important because it makes the car stable and easier to control and keep the tires on the road while driving on uneven terrain. It works in three different ways including vertically, longitudinally, and laterally to control movement when racing on various tracks.
Ban
Tire called R-Compound is commonly used in motor sport for high amount of traction. Soft rubber allows them to expand when heated, making more surface area on the sidewalk, resulting in the most amount of traction. This type of tire has no tread on it. Tire pressure depends on the temperature of the tire and the track during the race. Every time the driver enters the pits, the tire pressure and temperature should be tested for optimal performance. When the tires are too hot they will swell or expand and need to be deflated to the correct pressure. When the tires are not warmed, they will not show up as well.
Brake
Brakes on race cars are essential in slowing down and stopping the car at the right time and wearing quickly depending on the road or track on which the car is being driven, how many laps are being run, track conditions due to weather, and how much careful walking requires more lots of braking. There are three variables to consider in racing: the displacement of the brake pedal, the brake pedal style, and the deceleration of the vehicle. Various combinations of these variables work together to determine the stiffness, sensitivity, and strength of the brake pedal. When using the brakes effectively, the driver must go through the buildup phase and end with the modulation phase. This phase includes achieving maximum deceleration and brake pressure modulation. Brake performance is measured by bite and consistency. The bite occurs when the driver first activates the brakes and they have not yet warmed up to the right temperature to operate efficiently. Consistency is measured in how consistent the friction is during the entire braking time. Both of these measurements determine brake wear.
Engine
Racing car engines require plenty of air to generate maximum power. Manifold air intake sucks air from a spoon on the bonnet and front bumper and puts it into the machine. Many engine modifications to improve horsepower and efficiency are commonly used in many racing sanction bodies. The engine is tuned to a machine called a dynamometer commonly known in the racing world as DYNO. Cars are pushed into DYNO and many gauges and sensors are connected to a controlled car on an online program to test for strength, torque, or power. Through testing, the car engine map can be changed to get the most amount of horsepower and eventually accelerate out of the vehicle.
Racing driver
The racing drivers at the highest level are usually paid by the team, or by sponsors, and can give very large salary orders.
Contrary to what might be considered popular, race racers as a group do not have excellent reflexes either. During countless physiological (and psychological) evaluations of the professional racer, two prominent characteristics are obsessive racer needs for controlling the environment (psychological aspect), and unusual ability to process fast moving (physiological) information. In this case, researchers have noted a strong correlation between the driver's psychological profile and those of fighter pilots. In tests comparing racers with members of the general public, the greater the complexity of information processing matrices, the greater the speed gap between drivers and the public. Due to some of the performance capabilities of modern racing cars, racers require a high level of fitness, focus, and the ability to concentrate on high levels for long periods in difficult environments. Racing drivers especially complain about pain in the waist, shoulders and neck.
In particular, race cars such as formula cars and sports prototypes that produce large amounts of downforce can angle at the speed that enforces enormous g-force in the driver. Formula 1 drivers regularly experience g-loadings greater than 4.5 g.
See also
- Outline of auto racing
- List of auto racing tracks
- Motorcycle racing
- The race track
- Racing video game
- List of automated racing agencies in the United States
References
External links
Media related to racing cars on Wikimedia Commons
- Giving body sanction
- Motor Sport Association (MSA UK)
- American Le Mans Series (ALMS)
- Indy Racing League (IRL)
- World Rally Championship (WRC)
- FÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â © ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA)
- Grand American Road Racing Association
- International Hot Rod Association (IHRA)
- The International Motorcycle Sports Association (IMSA)
- National Automatic Sports Association
- National Association for Auto Racing Car Exchange (NASCAR)
- National Hot Rod Association (NHRA)
- SCORE International Off-Road Racing
- American Sports Car Club (SCCA)
- United States Auto Club (USAC)
- Formula One (F1)
- The Australian Motorsport Confederation (CAMS)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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