Dungeons & amp; Dragons controversy related to game role-playing Dungeons & amp; Dragons ( D & amp; D ), which have received significant attention in the media and in popular culture. The game has received negative coverage, especially during the early years of the game in the early 1980s. Because the term D & amp; D may be mistakenly used to refer to all kinds of role-playing games, some controversy about D & amp; D is actually related to a role-playing game in general. , or to the genre of fantasy literature.
Part of the controversy concerns the game and its alleged impact on those who play it, while others concern business issues in the game's original publisher, TSR. The game is now owned by the Wizards of the Coast.
Video Dungeons & Dragons controversies
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At various times in its history, Dungeons & amp; Dragons has received negative publicity for the alleged or alleged promotion of practices such as Satanism, witchcraft, suicide, pornography, and murder. Particularly during the 1980s, certain religious groups accused the game of encouraging magic and demon worship. Throughout the history of role-playing games, many of these criticisms have not been specifically addressed at D & amp; D , but touch on the fantasy role-playing game genre as a whole.
Draft Dungeons & amp; The dragon as a Devil is related to the concept of Satan's ritual abuse, both of which consider the existence of a large and organized Satanic cult and society. Sources like the Dark Dungeons tract from Chick Publications describe D & amp; D as a recruitment tool for these organizations. Labyrinth and Monster
As the role-play hobby began to grow, it was related to the story in 1979 about the loss of 16-year-old James Jones Egbert III. Egbert had attempted suicide in a utility tunnel under the campus of Michigan State University. After this failed attempt, he hid in a friend's house for about a month.
A well-publicized search for Egbert began, and his parents hired private investigator William Dear to search for their son. Unfortunately do not know anything about Dungeons & amp; Dragon at the time, but speculated to the press that Egbert had been lost in a steam tunnel during a session of a live role-playing action game. The press many report stories as facts, which serve as the core of persistent rumors of such "steam tunnel incidents". Egbert's suicide attempts, including his successful suicide the following year (with self-generated shots) have nothing to do with D & amp; D ; they result from clinical depression and great stress.
Rona Jaffe published Mazes and Monsters in 1981, a vague fiction, which generalizes the press that exaggerates Egbert's case. In an era where very few people understand role-playing, it seems reasonable for some public elements that a player may experience a psychotic episode and lose touch with reality during a role play. The book was adapted into a television-made movie in 1982, starring Tom Hanks, and the publicity surrounding the novel and the film raises public anxiety about role-playing games. In 1983, the Canadian film Skullduggery described a role-playing game similar to D & amp; D as a demon tool to turn a young man into a serial killer.
Honorable revealed the truth of the incident in his book in 1984 The Dungeon Master , where he denied the relationship between D & D and Egbert removal. Honorable admits that Egbert's mother is more concerned with the issue than her interest in role play.
Neal Stephenson's 1984 novel satirizing university life, The Big U , includes a series of similar incidents in which role-fantasy players live-off in steam tunnel accidents, leading to other gamers becoming mentally unstable and unable to distinguish reality of the game.
Interesting Patricia
Interesting Patricia is an anti-occult campaign from Richmond, Virginia and founder of Bothered About Dungeons & amp; Dragons (BADD). This one-person advocacy group is dedicated to the removal of Dungeons & amp; Dragons and other similar games. Interesting was founded BADD in 1982 after Irving's son committed suicide; he continued his defense until his death in 1997. Because his son has played D & amp; D , he filed a wrong lawsuit against his child's principal, holding him accountable for what he claimed as > D & amp; D cursed his son shortly before his death. He then filed a lawsuit against TSR, the game publisher at the time.
The case against TSR was issued in 1984, and most of its claims were denied by journalists, notably Michael A. Stackpole, who showed that players had lower suicide rates than non-gamers. When his lawsuit was dismissed, he founded BADD and began publishing information to promote his belief that D & amp; D encourage Satanism, rape, and suicide, and combine all the litanies of immoral and illegal practices. Effective BADD no longer exists after Draw died of cancer in 1997.
60 Minutes special
In 1985, the 60 Minutes segment was devoted to the game, including interviews with Gary Gygax and his publicist, and Patricia Pulling, as well as the parents of game players, who alleged committed murder and suicide connected to the game.
Lieth Von Stein
A 1988 murder case in Washington, North Carolina brought Dungeons & amp; Dragons , unfavorable publicity. Chris Pritchard, a student at North Carolina State University, allegedly masterminded the murder of his stepfather, Lieth Von Stein, for his $ 2 million fortune. Von Stein and his wife Bonnie (Pritchard's mother) were both beaten and stabbed by masked assailants in their bedroom, leaving her husband badly wounded and his wife badly wounded.
Chris Pritchard has a history of mutual hostility with his stepfather, and investigators learn for a year that Pritchard has been involved with drugs and alcohol while attending NCSU. But authorities are focusing on his role-playing group after a game map depicting Von Stein's home appears as physical evidence. Pritchard's friends, Neal Henderson and James Upchurch, were involved in a plan to help Pritchard kill his stepfather. The three young men went to the state prison in 1990. Henderson and Pritchard have been released. Upchurch's death sentence was changed to life in 1992; he was serving his sentence.
Real crime writers Joe McGinniss and Jerry Bledsoe play a role playing corner. Much attention was paid to the influence and power of Upchurch as a Dungeon Master. Bledsoe's Blood Games was made into a TV movie Honor Thy Mother in 1992. That same year, McGinniss' book was adapted into two TV miniseries, > Cruel Doubt , directed by Yves Simoneau. Both television movies depict Dungeons & amp; Dragons guidebooks with manipulated artwork to imply that they have inspired the killing.
TSR reaction
The controversy caused TSR to remove references to demonic, demonic, and potentially controversial supernatural monsters from 2nd Edition AD & amp; D , published in 1989. These terms are replaced by references to tanar ri and baatezu . Many of these exceptions were returned to the 2nd Edition in the late 1990s, reappearing in releases like the Hell Guides . In 2000, the 3rd edition of the game discusses demonology and demonolatry far more explicit than material from the previous edition; However, relationships and interactions with these creatures are explicitly said to be evil. More "extreme" guidebooks, especially Vile Darkness Books and Book of Exalted Deeds, have the label "For Mature Audiences Only".
Schnoebelen Articles
A man named William Schnoebelen stated that he used to be a Wiccan priest and also a priest of Satan. Having avoided that belief, he devoted himself to encouraging others to avoid them as well. In 1989 he wrote an article, "Straight Talk on Dungeons and Dragons", published by Chick Publications. He received many letters and emails on this issue in subsequent years, and wrote a follow-up article in 2001 entitled "Should a Christian Play Dungeons & Dragons?". This essay describes Dungeons & amp; Dragons as a tool for the New Age evil group to introduce concepts and behaviors that appear to contradict Christian doctrine and morality in general. Schnoebelen writes: "In the late 1970s, some game writers actually came to my wife and I as the leading 'witches' in the community, wanting to make sure the rituals were authentic, for the most part, they were."
His first article summarizes D & amp; D... "Dungeons and Dragons violate the order of I Thess 5:22 'Abstentions of all evil appearances.' 'It states that the ritual described in the game is capable of conjuring up the evil spirits evil and produce other real-world effects.The next article alleges the Dungeon Master's Guide celebrates Adolf Hitler for his charisma.
His second article focuses on the contrast of the Christian worldview and the fantasy worldview of D & amp; D . He wrote that "exposed all these magic ideas to the level required the game can not but help have a significant impact on the minds of the players."
Hobgoblin
Hobgoblin is a 1981 novel by horror writers and John Coyne's tension following the anxiety of Egbert's incidence, D & amp; D , and games of fantasy roles in general. It's about a young man, Scott Gardiner, who was traumatized by his father's sudden death and by his mother's decision to take up the job as a key caretaker from a remote plantation called Ballycastle. Caught by his friends at a local high school, Scott took refuge in Hobgoblin, a game-playing game based on the ancient Celtic cult.
Hickman article
Tracy Hickman, best-selling fantasy writer, practicing Mormon, and co-author of the Ravenloft module for Advanced Dungeons & amp; Dragons , has written an article on ethics Dungeons & amp; Dragons from a theistic standpoint. His essay 1988, "Ethics in Fantasy: Morality and D & S Part 1: That Evil Game!", Discussed some concerns about ethics around D & D and outlines obstacles in communication between gamers and non-gamers on the subject.
The Israeli Army
While some news sources claim that the Israeli Defense Forces scowled at the game Dungeons & amp; Dragon by its army, this claim is attributed to an anonymous source and declared unfounded. This is not IDF's official position. The claim was reportedly wrong by role players in Israel. D & amp; D is a popular game in Israel that can be learned and played by children after school programs run by paid Dungeon Masters. Clinical research
The American Association of Suicidology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Canadian Health and Welfare all conclude that there is no causal relationship between fantasy and suicide games. In 1990, Michael A. Stackpole wrote The Pulling Report, a highly critical review of Patricia Pulling and BADD's method of collecting, analyzing and reporting.
Researchers outside the context of BADD have investigated the emotional impact of Dungeons & amp; Dragon since the 1980s. Studies have shown that depression and suicidal tendencies are usually unrelated to role players. The feeling of alienation is unrelated to a major player, although those who are deep, and often financially, committed to the game do tend to have this feeling. According to one study, "there is no significant correlation between years of game play and emotional stability."
One 2015 study has suggested that psychiatrists do not associate role-playing games such as Dungeons & amp; Dragons with poor mental health.
Gang
In 2004, Wisconsin's Waupun prison imposed a ban on playing Dungeons & amp; Dragons , arguing that it promotes gang-related activities. The policy came into force based on an anonymous letter from inmates stating that the four prisoners who played the game formed a "gang". When the ban came into effect, the prison confiscated all materials related to D & amp; D . Inmate Kevin T. Singer, a dedicated player in the game, was sentenced to life imprisonment for first-degree murder, attempting to overturn the ban, saying it violated First Amendment rights. However, on January 25, 2010, the US 7th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the ban as "a sensible policy".
Maps Dungeons & Dragons controversies
Business dispute at TSR
The commercial success of this game led to a lawsuit that began in 1979 regarding the distribution of royalty payments between co-creator creators Dave Arneson and Gary Gygax. Particularly in question is royalties for AD & amp; D , a product that TSR does not recognize Arneson's intellectual property claims. The suit was settled out of court in 1981.
Gygax became involved in the political struggle to control TSR and disputes related to the deteriorating corporate financial situation in the early 1980s. Disagreements culminated in court battles and Gygax's decision to sell its holdings in the company in 1985.
License and trademark violations
References in early TSR publications to specific beings from Central World myth J. R. R. Tolkien have been removed or altered due to intellectual property concerns. For example, TSR replaces all references to race Hobbits characters in D & amp; D with its alternate name, Halflings - created by Tolkien but rated by the TSR is not infringing. In the first edition of Dungeons & amp; Dragons, the threat of copyright action from Tolkien Enterprises pushed the hobbit's name change to "halfling", ent to "treant", and balrog into "Type VI demon [balor]".
TSR collided with intellectual property laws concerning Cthulhu Mythos and MelnibonÃÆ'Â an Mythos, elements included in early versions of 1980 God & amp; Demigods manual. These problems are finally solved by removing material from subsequent editions of this book.
In December 2009, Hasbro filed a lawsuit against Atari, claiming Atari had violated the Dungeons & amp; Dragons license agreement when Atari sold the European distribution business to Namco Bandai Partners. Atari is accused of being a sub-license part of his exclusive rights D & amp; D to Namco Bandai Partners without authorization. Hasbro also suspects Namco Bandai has obtained Hasbro's secret information about D & amp; D from Atari, and Namco Bandai has been acting as a publisher of D & amp; D for digital games previously published by Atari.. In addition, the plaintiff claims Atari has sold at least four of its subsidiaries actively engaged in D & amp; D activities licensed to Namco Bandai while denying the relationship between himself and Namco Bandai in connection with D & amp; D . Atari claims Hasbro tries to unjustly take back the rights granted to Atari, and has tried to solve the problem without cooperation from Hasbro. On August 15, 2011, Wizards of the Coast, Hasbro, and Atari announced the resolution and resolution of Atari's complaints and Atari's reply to Hasbro's claim. As part of the settlement, digital license rights for D & amp; D is returned to Hasbro. Atari will continue to develop and market some games with licenses from Hasbro and Wizards, including Dungeons & amp; Dragons: Daggerdale and Heroes of Neverwinter for Facebook. In addition, as a result of the sale of Cryptic Studio to Perfect World Entertainment Inc., the release date of the video game Neverwinter was postponed until the end of 2012.
See also
- Play-role game history
- Moral panic
References
External links
- "Study About Fantasy Role-Playing Games". RPGStudies.net. 1994.
- "Dungeons and Dragons and other fantasy role-playing games". Ontario Consultant on Religious Tolerance. 2002.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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