Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, oranges, grapefruit and lime.
Recent research shows origins in Australia, New Caledonia and New Guinea. Some researchers believe that its origin is part of Southeast Asia that is bordered by Northeast India, Burma (Myanmar) and Yunnan province in China, and in this region several commercial species such as oranges, mandarin oranges, and lemons originate. Citrus fruits have been cultivated in an increasingly widespread area since ancient times. It has also been cultivated for the production and consumption of orange juice.
Video Citrus
History
The citrus plant originated from the subtropical and tropical regions of Asia and the Malay Archipelago and they were first domesticated in this area. Several citrus species have been present in the Mediterranean basin for centuries. This group of species has reached great importance in some Mediterranean countries and, in the case of oranges, mandarin and lemon trees, they find here the soil and climatic conditions that enable them to reach a high level of fruit quality, even better than in the area where they originated.
The "real" Florida orange actually comes from the Spanish Conquistador. The classical Roman agronomist had made many references to citrus fruit cultivation within the boundaries of their empire. King Louis XIV of France placed oranges in wineries, to protect tropical fruits to be planted in France in the 1600s.
Name
The generic name is derived from Latin, where it is called either a plant now known as Citron ( C. Medica ) or a conifer tree ( Thuja ). This is somehow related to the ancient Greek word for cedar, ?????? ( kÃÆ' Â © dros ). This may be because of the similarity that is felt in the smell of citrus leaves and fruit with cedar. Collectively, Citrus fruits and plants are also known as the Romantic loan agrumes (literally "fruit acid").
Evolution
The large orange fruit currently evolved comes from small fruits that can be eaten for millions of years. Orange plants deviate from the same ancestor about 15 million years ago, which at that time deviated from severinia closely related, for example the orange box of China. About 7 million years ago, citrus crops deviated into two groups, the main orange genus and the orange ancestor Trifoliata (poncirus), which is quite closely related so that it can still be hybridized with all other oranges. This estimate is made using genetic mapping of plant chloroplasts. A DNA study published in Nature in 2018, concluded that orange trees originate in the foothills of the Himalayas, in Assam (India), western Yunnan (China), and northern Myanmar.
The three original species in the orange genus which have been hybridized into the most modern commercial oranges are mandarin oranges, pamelo, and citron. In the last few thousand years, all the common citrus fruits (sweet oranges, lemons, grapefruit, limes, etc.) were created by crossing the native species. Something similar has happened with a variety of chillies derived from the hybridization of some early species.
Maps Citrus
Taxonomy
The genetic taxonomy and systematics are complex and the exact number of natural species is unclear, since many of the species mentioned are hybrids clonally propagated through seed (by apomixis), and there is genetic evidence that even some true breeding species are of hybrid origin.
Most cultivated Citrus seem to be natural or artificial hybrids of a small number of core ancestral species, including citron, pummelo, mandarine, and papedas (see figure). Natural and cultured citrus hybrids include commercially important fruits such as oranges, grapefruit, lemons, limes, and some tangerines.
Apart from this core orange species, there is a newly discovered Australian lime and Mangshanyegan. Kumquat and Clymenia sp. is now generally considered to be included in the genus of oranges. Trifoliate orange, which is often used as commercial rootstock, is outgroup and may or may not be categorized as orange.
Phylogenetic analysis indicates Oxanthera species of New Caledonia should be transferred to the genus Citrus .
Description
Tree
This plant is a large shrub or small to medium sized tree, reaching a height of 5-15 m (16-49 ft), with alternate shoots and pine leaves arranged with all margins. The flowers are solitary or in small corymbs, each 2-4 cm in diameter (0.79-1.57 inches), with five (rarely four) white flower petals and many stamens; they are often very flavorful.
Fruit
The fruit is hesperidium , a special berry, round to long length, 4-30 cm (1.6-11.8 in) and 4-20 cm (1.6-7.9 inches), with rough skin of skin or "peeled" called pericarp. The outermost layer of the pericarp is the "exocarp" called flavedo, commonly referred to as zest. The middle layer of the pericarp is mesocarp, which in citrus fruit consists of white "albedo", sponge, or "pith". The inner layer of the pericarp is the endocarp. The segments are also called "liths", and the space inside each lith is a locule filled with juice vesicles, or "pulp". From the endocarp, the "hair" like a rope extends into the locules, which nourish the fruit as it develops.
Citrus fruit is famous for its aroma, in part because flavonoids and limonoid (which in turn terpen) are contained in the skin, and most contain fruit juice. Juice contains high amounts of citric acid giving them their distinctive sharp taste. The genus is commercially important because many species are cultivated for their fruit, which is eaten fresh, pressed for juice, or preserved in marmelade and pickles.
They are also good sources of vitamin C and flavonoids. The content of vitamin C in the fruit depends on the species, variation and way of cultivation. Fruits produced with organic farming have been shown to contain more vitamin C than those produced with conventional farming in the Algarve, but the results depend on species and cultivars. Flavonoids include various flavanones and flavones.
Cultivation
The hybrid orange tree is very easy - depending on the source of pollen, plants grown from Persian lime seeds can produce fruits similar to grapefruit. Thus all commercial citrus cultivation uses the resulting tree by grafting the desired fruiting cultivars to the selected rootstock for disease resistance and hardiness.
The color of citrus fruits only develops in climates with cool winters (diurnal). In the tropics without winter altogether, citrus fruits stay green to adulthood, the tropical "green grapefruit". The Persian lime is especially very sensitive to cold conditions, so it is usually not exposed to cold enough conditions to develop a mature color. If they are left in a cold place during the winter, the fruits will change color to yellow.
The terms "mature" and "adult" are usually used synonymously, but their meaning is different. Mature fruit is a fruit that has completed its growth phase. Maturation is a change that occurs in the fruit after maturation until the beginning of decay. This change usually involves starch that turns into sugar, decreased acid and softening and discoloration of the fruit.
Citrus fruits are non-climacteric and respiration slowly decreases and the production and release of ethylene gradually. The fruit does not go through the process of maturation in the sense that they become "mature trees." Some fruits, such as cherries, mature physically and then continue to ripen in a tree. Other fruits, such as pears, are picked when cooked but before they ripen, then continue to ripen from the tree. Citrus fruits move from immaturity to maturity to over-maturity while still in the tree. Once they are separated from the tree, they will not grow sweet or continue to mature. The only way change can happen after picking is that they will eventually start to rot.
With oranges, color can not be used as an indicator of maturity because sometimes orange peels change long before the oranges are ready to eat. Tasting them is the only way to know if they are ready to eat or not.
Orange trees generally can not withstand frost. Mandarin oranges ( C. reticulata) tend to be the most difficult of the common species Citrus and can survive in a short time to as cold as -10 ° C (14 Â ° C) F), but the realistic temperature does not fall below -2Ã, Â ° C (28Ã, Â ° F) required for successful cultivation. Tangerines, tangors and yuzu can grow outside even in areas with freezing temperatures in winter, although this may affect the quality of the fruit. Some hardy hybrids can withstand temperatures well below freezing, but do not produce quality fruits. Lemons can be grown commercially in the cool summer/winter, on the coast of Southern California, due to the sweetness not obtainable or expected in retail lemon fruits. The corresponding citrus trifoliate ( Citrus trifoliata ) can survive below -20Ã, Â ° C (-4Ã, Â ° F); the fruit is astringent and inedible except cooked but some better cultivars and hybrids have been developed (see citrange).
Trees thrive in a sunny and humid environment with fertile soil and adequate rainfall or irrigation. The trees left in the valley may suffer, but survive, the dry summers of the Inner Coast Ranges in Central California. At any age oranges grow well enough with rare irrigation in partial shade, but fruit plants are smaller. Originating from the tropics and sub-tropics, oranges, like all oranges, are widely grown and always green. They do not drop leaves except when stressed. The stems of many varieties have large sharp spines. The trees bloom in spring, and the fruits are arranged shortly thereafter. The fruit begins to mature in autumn or early winter, depending on the cultivars, and develops an increased sweetness afterwards. Some tangerine cultivars ripen in the winter. Some, like grapefruit, can take up to eighteen months to mature.
Production
According to UN 2007 data, Brazil, China, the United States, Mexico, India and Spain are the world's largest producer of oranges.
Major commercial orange planting areas include southern China, Mediterranean Basin (including southern Spain), South Africa, Australia, southern United States, Mexico and parts of South America. In the United States, Florida, California, Arizona, and Texas are major producers, while smaller plantings are present in other Sun Belt countries and in Hawaii.
As an ornamental plant
The orange tree planted in the tub and under cover is a feature of the Renaissance garden, after the glass-making technology allows clear glass enough to be produced. An orange is a feature of royalty and aristocratic residence through the 17th and 18th centuries. The Orangerie at the Louvre Castle, 1617, inspired imitation that did not go away until the development of a modern greenhouse in the 1840s. In the United States the earliest survivors are at Tayloe House, Mount Airy, Virginia. George Washington has an orange plant in Mount Vernon.
Some modern hobbyists are still planting dwarf oranges in containers or greenhouses in areas that are too cold to plant outside. Consistent climate, adequate sunlight, and proper watering are essential if trees grow and produce fruit. Compared to many common "green shrubs", orange trees better tolerate poor container care. For colder winters, lemons and lemons should not be planted, as they are more sensitive to winter than other citrus fruits. Hybrids with kumquat (ÃÆ'â € " Citrofortunella ) have good cold resistance. The orange tree in the container may have to be replanted every 5 years or so because its roots can form a thick "ball-ball" at the bottom of the pot.
Pests and diseases
Citrus plants are particularly vulnerable to infestation by aphids, whitefly insects and scales (eg California's red scale). What is also more important is a viral infection where some of these ectoparasites function as vectors such as the Tritsza Orange virus that is transmitted through an aphid that when unchecked by the proper control method greatly damages the citrine plantations. The latest threat to orange gardens in the United States is the Asian orange psyllid.
Asian orange psyllid is a bug-like insect that feeds on leaves and trunks of citrus trees and other citrus fruits - but the real danger is that it can carry deadly tree diseases, a bacterium called Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease.
In August 2005 citrus-greening diseases were found in the southern Florida region around Homestead and Florida City. It has since spread to every commercial citrus farm in Florida. In 2004-2005 USDA Ag statistics reported total Florida citrus production to 169.1 million fruit crops. Estimates for all Florida citrus production in the 2015-2016 season are 94.2 million squares - a decrease of 44.3%.
In June 2008, the psyllid looked very close to California - just across the international border in Tijuana, Mexico. Only a few months later, it was detected in San Diego and Imperial districts, and has since spread to Riverside, San Bernardino, Orange, Los Angeles and Ventura County which triggered quarantine in these areas. Asian orange psyllid has also been intercepted into California in fruit and plant packages, including oranges, ornamental plants, spices and bouquet of cut flowers, shipped from other states and countries.
The leaves are also used as food plants by larvae of Lepidoptera species (butterflies and moths) such as common emerald geometridae ( Hemithea aestivaria ) and double-striped pugs ( Gymnoscelis rufifasciata i>), the leopard giant Arctiidae ( Hypercompe scribonia ), H. eridanus , H. icasia and H. indecisa , many species in the Papilionidae family (kite butterfly), and black-lyre leafroller ( "Cnephasia" jactatana) moth, a tortrix moth.
Since 2000, citrus leafminer ( Phyllocnistis citrella ) has become a pest in California, a boring winding pattern through the leaves.
In eastern Australia, the bronze-orange bug ( Musgraveia sulciventris ) can be a major pest of orange trees, especially grapefruit. In heavy infestations can cause a decrease in flowers and fruits as well as tree stress in general.
European brown snails (Cornelium aspersum ) can be a problem in California, although the Khaki Campbell women and other mallard-related ducks can be used for control.
Deficiency disease
Orange plants can also develop a deficiency condition called chlorosis, characterized by yellowing leaves highlighted by leaf vein contrast. The withered leaf finally falls, and if the plant loses too much, it will slowly die. This condition is often caused by too high pH (alkaline soil), which prevents plants from absorbing iron, magnesium, zinc, or other nutrients needed to produce chlorophyll. This condition can be cured by adding proper acid fertilizer formulated for oranges, which can sometimes revive the plant to produce new leaves and even flower buds within a few weeks under optimal conditions. Soils that are too acidic can also cause problems; citrus prefers neutral ground (pH between 6 and 8). Orange plants are also sensitive to excessive salt in the soil. Soil tests may be necessary to diagnose nutritional deficiency disease appropriately.
Usage
Culinary
Many citrus fruits, such as oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, and clementine, are generally eaten fresh. They are usually peeled and can easily be split into several segments. Grapefruit is more commonly divided in two and eaten from the skin by a spoon. There is a special spoon (grapefruit spoon) with jagged tips designed for this purpose. Orange juice and grapefruit are also very popular breakfast drinks. More sour oranges, such as lemons and limes, are generally not eaten alone. Lemon Meyer can be eaten directly with fragrant skin; they are sweet and sour. Lemonade or limeade is a popular drink prepared by diluting the juice of this fruit and adding sugar. Lemon and lime are also used as garnish or in cooked dishes. Their juice is used as an ingredient in a variety of dishes; usually can be found in salad dressing and squeezed over cooked meat or vegetables.
Various flavors can come from various parts and the treatment of citrus fruits. Skin and fruit oils are usually very bitter, especially when cooked, and often combined with sugar. The fruit pulp can vary from sweet to very acidic. Marmalade, a seasoning that comes from ripe oranges and lemons, can be very bitter, but it is usually sweetened to cut bitterness and produce results like jam. Lemon or lime is usually used as an ornament for water, soft drinks, or cocktails. Orange juice, skin, or slices are used in a variety of mixed drinks. The colorful outer skin of some citrus fruits, known as zest, is used as a flavoring in cooking; the white inside of the skin, its core, is usually avoided because of its bitterness. The spirit of citrus fruits, usually lemon or orange, can also be soaked in water in a coffee filter, and drunk.
Medical
Citrus fruits have well-documented nutritional and health benefits. They can actually help prevent and cure some diseases.
The intake of citrus fruits has been associated with a 10% reduction in the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
Oranges have historically been used for their high vitamin C content, which prevents scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, and can be prevented by having 10 milligrams of vitamin C a day. The early signs of scabies are fatigue. If ignored, later symptoms will bleed and bruise easily. British sailors were given rations of oranges on a long journey to prevent scurvy, the English nickname from Limey.
Pectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained within the main cell wall of the plant. Lemon and lemon and orange and grapefruit are among the highest in this level.
Once consumed, peeled is sometimes used as a facial cleanser.
Prior to the development of a fermentation-based process, lemon was the main commercial source of citric acid.
The intake of citrus fruits is associated with a decreased risk of stomach cancer. Also, orange juice, such as oranges, lemon and lemon, may be useful to lower the risk of certain types of kidney stones. Grapefruit is another fruit juice that can be used to lower blood pressure because it interferes with the metabolism of calcium channel blockers. Lemon has the highest citric concentration of any citrus fruit, and the daily consumption of lemonade has been shown to decrease the rate of kidney stone formation.
Sweet and sour
Moroccan Professor Henri Chapot found that the acidity in citron or lemon is more commonly represented by the red color in the inner layer of special seeds in place of chalazal, purple pigmentation on the outer side of the flower bloom, and also by the new purplish-purple shoots. The acidless varieties of oranges really do not have red in all the places mentioned. This appointment was cited by Herbert John Webber and Leon Dexter Batchelor, the editor of the fundamental treatise on oranges, The Citrus Industry, published by the University of California, Riverside in 1967.
Fossil record
A fossilized leaf from Pliocene of Valdarno (Italy) is described as Citrus meletensis . In China, fossil leaf specimens Citrus linczangensis have been collected from the Bangmai Formation coal layer in Bangmai village, about 10 km northwest of Lincang City, Yunnan. The Bangmai Formation contains abundant fossil plants and is considered to be of late Miocene, Citrus linczangensis and C. meletensis share some important characters, such as intramarginal veins, all margins, and clear and articulate petioles winged.
List of citrus fruits
The Citrus genus has been suggested to originate at the eastern foothills of the Himalayas. Prior to human cultivation, it consisted only of a few species, although the status of several species as distinct species could not be confirmed:
- Citrus crenatifolia - Unsolved species name, from Sri Lanka
- Citrus japonica - Kumquat, from East Asia to Southeast Asia (sometimes separated in species 4-5
) - Citrus mangshanensis - unresolved species name, from Hunan Province, China.
- Citrus maxima - Pomelo (pummelo, shaddock), from Malay Archipelago
- Citrus Medica - Citron, from India
- Citrus platymamma - Byeonggyul, from Jeju Island, Korea
- Citrus reticulata mandarin orange, from China
- Citrus trifoliata - Trifoliate orange, from Korea and adjacent China (often separated as Poncirus )
- Australian Lime
- Citrus australasica - Finger Lime Australia
- Citrus australis - Australian Round lime
- Citrus glauca - Australian desert
- Citrus garrawayae - Mountain White Lime
- Citrus gracilis - Kakadu Lime or Humpty Doo Lime
- Citrus inodora - Russel River Lime
- Citrus warburgiana - New Guinea Wild Lime
- Citrus wintersii - Brown Lime River Finger
- Papedas, including
- Halimii oranges - wildflowers , ape limes , from Thailand and Malaya
- Citrus hystrix - Kaffir lime, makrut
- Citrus ichangensis - Ichang Papeda
- Citrus indica - Indian wild orange, from the Indian subcontinent
- Citrus latipes - Khasi Papeda, from Assam, Meghalaya, Burma
- Citrus macroptera from Indochina and Melanesia
- Citrus micrantha from the southern Philippines
Hybrids and cultivars
Sorted by descendants. Since each hybrid is a product of (at least) two parent species, they are listed several times.
Citrus maxima -based
- Amanatsu, natsumikan - Sowing Ã- natsudaidai ( C. Maxima ı diketahui)
- Cam sÃhh - ( C. reticulata ÃÆ'- C. ÃÆ'- sinensis )
- Dangyuja - ( Citrus grandis Osbeck )
- Grapefruit - Citrus ÃÆ'- paradisi ( Maksimum C. ÃÆ'- C. Ã-- sinensis )
- Imperial lemon - ( C. Ã- lemon Ã- C. Ã- pantai )
- Kinnow - ( C. Ã- nobilis Ã- C. Ã- delicious )
- Kiyomi - ( C. ÃÆ'- sinensis Ã-- C. Ã- unshii )
- Minnelola tangelo - ( C. reticulata ÃÆ'- C. ÃÆ'- paradisi )
- Orangelo, Chironja - ( C. ÃÆ'- paradisi Ã- C. Ã- sinensis )
- Oroblanco, Sweetie - ( Max C. Ã- C. ÃÆ'- paradisi )
- Sweet orange - Citrus ÃÆ'- sinensis (mungkin Max C. Ã-- C. reticulata )
- Tangelo - Jeruk ÃÆ'- tangelo ( C. reticulata Ã-- Max C atau C. ÃÆ'- paradisi )
- Tangor - Jeruk ÃÆ'- nobilis ( C. reticulata ÃÆ'- C. ÃÆ'- sinensis )
- Ugli - ( C. Reticulata Ã-- Max C. atau C. ÃÆ'- paradisi )
Medika Orange based
- Alemow, Colo - Orange ÃÆ'â € " macrophylla ( C. medica ÃÆ'â €" C. micrantha )
- Buddha Hand - Medica orange var. sarcodactylus , a citron of a finger.
- Citric varieties with acid slurry - Diamante citron, Florentine citron, Greek citron, and Balady citron
- Cotrun varieties with sweet pulp - Corsican grapefruit and Moroccan citron.
- Etrog, a group of citron cultivars traditionally used for Jewish rituals. Etrog is the Hebrew for citron in general.
- Fernandina - Orange ÃÆ'â € " limonimedica (probably ( C. medica ÃÆ'â €" C. maxima ) ÃÆ' - C. medica )
- Ponderosa lemon - (possibly ( C. medica ÃÆ'â € " C. maxima ) ÃÆ'â €" C. medica )
- Lemon - Orange ÃÆ'â € " limon ( C. medica ÃÆ'â €" C. ÃÆ'â € " aurantium )
- Key lime, Mexican chalk, lime Oman - Orange ÃÆ'â € " aurantiifolia ( C medica ÃÆ'â €" C. micrantha )
- Limetta, Sweet Lemon, Sweet Lime, mosambi - Citrus ÃÆ'â € " limetta ( C. medica ÃÆ'â € " C. ÃÆ'â €" aurantium )
- Lumia - a pear-shaped lemon hybrid, (several different hybrids)
- Persian lime, Lime Tahiti - C. x latifolia ( C. x aurantiifolia x C. x limon )
- Rhobs el Arsa - garden bread, lemon x lemon hybrid Morocco.
- citron Yemen - a true pulsating citron.
Citrus reticulata -based
- Bergamot orange - Sowing Ã- bergamia ( C. Ã- lemon Ã- < i> C. Ã- aurantium )
- Bitter Orange, Seville Jeruk - Sowing Ã- aurantium ( C. Maxima Ã- C. Reticulata )
- orange Darah - Sowing Ã- sinensis cultivating
- jeruk nipis Calamansi - ( paru Ã- Citrus japonica )
- Cam sÃhh - ( C. reticulata ÃÆ'- C. ÃÆ'- sinensis )
- Chinotto - Sowing Ã- aurantium var. myrtifolia atau Sowing Ã- myrtifolia
- ChungGyun - Citrus reticulata kembangkan
- Clementine - Sowing Ã- clementine
- Cleopatra Mandarin - Sowing Ã- reshni
- Siranui - Citrus reticulata cv. 'Dekopon' (ChungGyun Ã-Ponkan)
- Daidai - Sowing Ã- aurantium var. daidai atau Segar Ã- daidai
- Grapefruit - Citrus ÃÆ'- paradisi ( Maksimum C. ÃÆ'- C. Ã-- sinensis )
- Hermandina - Citrus reticulata cv. 'Hermandina'
- Imperial lemon - (( C. Maxima Ã- C. Medis ) Ã- C. Ã- pantai i>)
- Kinnow, Wilking - ( C. - nobilis Ã- C. Ã- delicious )
- Kiyomi - ( C. Sinensis Ã- C. Ã- unshiu )
- Laraha - '' C. Ã- aurantium ssp. currassuviences
- Mediterania mandarin, Willow Leaf - Sugar Ã- delicious
- Meyer lemon, Lemon Lembah - Sowing Ã- meyeri ( C. Medis Ã- C. - sinensis )
- Michal mandarin - Citrus reticulata cv. 'Michal'
- Mikan, Satsuma - Segar Ã- unshiu
- naartjie - ( C. Reticulata Ã- C. Nobilis )
- Bahasa Mandarin Baru, Clemenvilla
- Orangelo, Chironja - ( C. ÃÆ'- paradisi Ã- C. Ã- sinensis )
- Oroblanco, Sweetie - ( Max C. Ã- C. ÃÆ'- paradisi )
- Palestine manis kapur - Segar Ã- limettioides Tanaka ( C. Medis Ã- C. ÃÆ'- sinensis )
- Ponkan - Citrus reticulata cv. 'Ponkan'
- Rangpur, Lemanderin, Mandarin Lime - Sowing Ã- Limonia ( C. Reticulata Ã- C. Medis )
- Rough lemon -. Sowing Ã- jambhiri Lush ( C. Reticulata Ã- C Medica )
- Shekwasha, Hirami Lemon, Tangerine Taiwan - Segar Ã- tertekan
- Sunki, Suspended - Segar sunki atau C. reticulata var. sunki
- jeruk manis - Sowing Ã- sinensis ( C. Maxima Ã- C. Reticulata )
- jeruk manis - Sowing grandis (. Mak) Tanaka atau C. reticulata var. tachibana
- Tangelo - Jeruk ÃÆ'- tangelo ( C. reticulata Ã-- Max C atau C. ÃÆ'- paradisi )
- Tangerine - Sowing Ã- Tangerine
- Tangor - Jeruk ÃÆ'- nobilis ( C. reticulata ÃÆ'- C. ÃÆ'- sinensis )
- Ugli - ( C. Reticulata Ã-- Max C. atau C. ÃÆ'- paradisi )
- Volkamer lemon - Sowing Ã- volkameriana ( C. Reticulata Ã- C. Medis )
- Yuzu - Sowing Ã- Junos ( C. Reticulata Ã- C. Ã- ichangensis )
Other/Unresolved
- Djeruk lime - Orange ÃÆ'- amblycarpa
- Gajanimma, Carabao Lime - Fresh à - pennivesiculata
- Hyuganatsu, Hyuganatsu Pumelo - Citrus Tamurana
- Ichang lemon - ( C. ichangensis à - C. Maxima )
- Imperial lemon, Shangjuan - ( C. Ã - Ã - limon C. Ã - beach )
- Iyokan, anadomikan - Orange ÃÆ' - iyo
- Kabosu - Orange ÃÆ'- sphaerocarpa
- Odichukuthi - Citrus Odichukuthi from Malayalam
- Ougonkan - Citrus flaviculpus hort.Tanaka
- Pompia - Citrus Monster , nomenum nomenum
- Comic Sakurajima orange
- Shonan gold - (Ougonkan) Citrus flaviculpus hort ex. Tanaka - (Imamura unshiu), Citrus unshiu Frame
- Sudachi - Orange ÃÆ' - sudachi
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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