The Jagiellonian rug is a collection of tapestries woven in the Netherlands and Flanders, originally composed of 365 pieces assembled by Jagiellons to decorate the interior of the royal residence of Wawel Castle. It is also known as Wawel arrasses, since the majority of the preserved fabrics belong to the Wawel Castle Museum and the French city of Arras is a major center for the manufacture of such wall hangings. in the early 16th century. The collection belongs to the state of the Kingdom of the Kingdom of Poland in accordance with the will of Sigismund II Augustus.
Video Jagiellonian tapestries
History and components
The first tapestry was brought by Queen Bona Sforza as her dowry. Then in 1526 and 1533, Sigismund I the Old ordered 108 fabrics in Antwerp and Bruges. Most tapestry, however, commissioned by the king Sigismund II Augustus in Brussels in workshops and Jan Willem de Kempeneer, Jan van Tieghem and Nicolas Leyniers between 1550-1565. Initially, there were about 170 tapestries in the royal collection, including 84 tapestry of black and white with royal insignia and the letters SA , 8 tapestries Sigismund I Lama has received from the Emperor Maximilian I, and others, gifts from foreign delegations. The prize included a rug with the eagle of Poland which includes the date 1560, the initials of the kingdom and the letters CKCH (Christophorus Krupski Capitaneus Horodlo) next coat Korczak and posts SCABELLVM PEDVM TVORVM (bench under your feet, Psalm 110, Psalm of David ), a gift from Krzysztof Krupski, star of the Horod? o for Sigismund Augustus. The rugs have been shown openly for the first time during the marriage of King Sigismund Augustus with Catherine of Austria. To this day, preserved about 138 of them open around 30. They were matched in size to the walls and some of them reach a size of 5 ÃÆ'â € "9 m (5.47 ÃÆ'â €" 9.84 yd). Tapestries made of strands of wool, silk and gold and woven on looms with a density of about 8-10 warp threads per centimeter.
This series consists of the following subjects:
- Biblical Scene - Scene from First Parent Story , Noah's Story and the Tower of Babel Story (inventory number of Museum Wawel 1 - 18), The Story of the Prophet Moses, Story of Absalom
and Story of Saul (scattered), created according to design by Michiel Coxie - biblical scenes, fillets by unknown artists from the Cornelis painter Floris and Cornelis Bos, - Mythological scenes - scenes from Trojan War , Persian military expedition of Cyrus , Romulus and Remus Stories , Story of Scipio , The Story of Hannibal , The Story of Julius Caesar and the Octavian Augustus Story (spread),
- landscape and verdure (museum inventory number Wawel 19 - 78) was made around 1560, as design by unknown artist from the circle of Pieter Coecke van Aelst (sometimes associated with Willem Ton),
- The strange scene with the Polish and Lithuanian arm coats and the kingdom's initials (the inventory number of Museum Wawel 79 - 134/2) was made around 1560, according to the design by unknown artists from the painters Cornelis Floris and Cornelis Bos, three strange (inventory number 92 , 93, 94) is based on the image by Cornelis Bos.
Biblical rugs are on display in rooms on the second floor of the castle, and rugs with animals, and strange images with monograms and symbols on both floors. This is the largest collection of tapestries ever commissioned by a single ruler. According to the will of the last Jagiellonian king, Flemish Arrases in gold or figures, along with the simpler are given to the three sisters of the king and after their death they have become the property of the State. Treasury, under the auspices of the Commonwealth parliament to serve the Commonwealth's common interests and not for the personal benefit of the future monarch (fragment of Diet resolution).
Unfortunately, a less precise thing would be the cause of many conflicts over the ownership of tapesties between kings and nobles. The whole collection was only together for a short time at Castle in Tykocin until 1572. Then the king's sisters spread among their residence in Kraków, Niepo? Omice, Warsaw, Vilnius and Hrodna, and even sent some to Sweden. King Sigismund III Vasa brought back 30 pieces that Anna Jagiellon sent to Stockholm to his sister, Catherine (mother of Sigismund). In 1633, three rugs with scenes from The Story of Moses , were presented by Jerzy Ossoli? Skiing, on behalf of the W king? Adys? Aw IV Vasa, to Pope Urbanus VIII. During the Flood, the collection was hidden by Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski on his property in Spi ?. In the following years King John II Casimir Vasa mortgaged 157 tapestries for a merchant from Gda sksk, Jan Gratta, without parliamentary approval. To force a lifetime wage after abdication, the king also brought some rugs to France. This led to protests from nobles and debts of the king unpaid until 1724. Parliament handed the tapestries to be stored in the Carmelite monastery of Warsaw and for the last time they were shown during the coronation of the king of Stanis? Aw Augustus in 1764. After a major reconstruction of the interior of the Royal Palace of Warsaw in the neoclassical style of the king ordered a new tapestry in France and the Jagiellonian collection was rolled up and housed in the House of Finance Committee - the Republican Palace. According to the inventory carried out during the Stanis reign? Aw Augustus there are about 156 arrasses. In 1795, after the Polish Third Partition, a tapestry along with other items robbed from the royal dwelling, was taken by Alexander Suvorov to Russia.
After regaining the independence and victory of war with the Soviet Union, the Polish government managed to recover 137 fabrics, in various preservation states, between 1922-1924. Tapesties are cut to fit the walls of the Winter Palace and Gates Palace, or they are used as furniture upholstery. Some of them still in Russia, shown in different museums, without specifying their origin, Soviets claim that rugs are equivalent to Polish debt. When the Second World War broke out in 1939, tapestries kept in Wawel Castle were transported through Romania, France and Britain to Canada to finally be returned, after 15 years of negotiations, to the Polish Peoples Republic in the 1960s. In 1961, when the royal collection returned from a long journey, it was greeted by Sigismund Bell and the residents of Kraków. Today 137 fabrics are owned by Wawel Royal Castle (2 of them, Forest landscapes with deer and fish catching ducks and Forest landscape with deer and giraffe by Nicolas Leyniers, shown in Palace of the Kingdom of Warsaw), the moral fall of man before the flood, returned to Poland in 1977 as a gift from the Soviet Union, it was at Royal Castle in Warsaw and one of the missing, which appeared in the antique market in the 1950s and purchased by Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. Today, 136 who still have the Wawel castle is the best collection of tapestries in Europe.
Maps Jagiellonian tapestries
See also
- Evacuation of Polish National Treasures during World War II
References
Note
Bibliography
External links
- Wawel Royal Castle - Textiles
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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