Car muscle is an American term used to refer to high performing cars. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines muscle cars as "one of a bunch of American-made 2-door sports cars with powerful engines designed for high performance driving." A large V8 engine mounted in 2-door, rear-wheel drive, family-style compact car, medium or full size designed for four or more passengers. Sold at affordable prices, muscular cars are intended for street usage and occasional drag racing. They are different from the expensive two-seat sports car and 2 2 GT devoted to high-speed tours and street racing.
Video Muscle car
Etymology
According to Muscle Cars, a book written by Peter Henshaw, a "muscle car" is "exactly what it's called." It's a product of the American car industry that holds to the hot rodder philosophy of taking a small car and putting a machine big-displacement in it. "Muscle Car is Charles Atlas kicking sand in front of 98 weak horsepower." Henshaw further asserts that muscle cars are designed for straight-line speeds, and lack "sophisticated chassis", "technical integrity," or " flexible appearance "of European high-performance cars.
In the United States, lightweight cars featuring high-performance engines are called "supercars" before the classification of muscle cars becomes popular. For example, the 1957 "miller plant" turns a lightweight Rambler into a real supercar. "From the mid-sixties to the mid-seventies, what we now consider to be the more common muscle car called the 'Supercar,' is often (though not always) spelled with the letter S." This term describes the "dragstrip bred" affordable mid-size car the 1960s and early 1970s were equipped with large and powerful V8 engines and rear-wheel drive. "In 1966, the supercar became the official industry trend" as four domestic automakers "needed to monetize the supercar market" in an attractive car attention and heartrending Examples of the use of supercar descriptions for early muscle models include the Pontiac GTO highway test May 1965 May 2006 along with how "Hurst put American Motors into the Supercar club with 390 Rogue" (SC/Rambler) to fight in the "supercar market segment" street racer alley ".In addition," SC "in the model name stands for" SuperCar ".
The supercar market segment in the US at the time included a special version of the regular production model positioned in various sizes and market segments (such as "economic supercars"), as well as limited editions, vehicles documented by converted dealers. However, the term supercar at the time "has been attenuated and branded with meaning that does not respect the unique qualities of the 'muscle car'."
Opinions vary as to whether full-size cars, compacts, and pony cars are qualified as muscle cars.
Maps Muscle car
History
Initial production model
Opinions about the origins of muscle cars vary, but the 1949 Oldsmobile Rocket 88, made in response to public interest in speed and strength, is often referred to as the first muscle car. It featured the first high-compression V8 American high compression valve in a smaller, lighter Oldsmobile 76/Chevy body for a six-cylinder engine (compared to the larger Olds 98 luxury body).
Jack Nerrad writes in Driving Today , "Rocket V-8 sets the standard for every American V-8 engine that will follow it for at least three decades [...] With a 303 cubic inch displacement and ends by carburetor two barrels, the first Rocket V-8 turbulent 135 hp (101 kW, 137 PS) at 3,600 rpm and 263 pound of force-feet (357 N m) of torque at lazy 1800 rpm [and] no middle-class cars in the world except Hudson Hornet, which approached the old rocket performance potential... "
Nerad added that Rocket 88 was a "hit of the 1950 NASCAR season, winning eight out of 10 races." Given its lightning success, one can clearly make the case that Olds 88 with 135 horsepower (101rb) V-8 was the first 'musclecar'... "
Steve Dulcich, writing on Hot Rodding, also cites Oldsmobile, along with Cadillac, for "launching the modern era of high-performance V-8 with the introduction of the 'Rocket 88' overhead V8 valve in 1949."
Other manufacturers are showing off performance hardware in limited edition models. Chrysler took the lead with the 1955 C-300, a mixture inspired by Hemi's power and luxury car ornaments that became the new star of NASCAR. With 300 hp (224 kW; 304 PS), it is advertised as "America's Most Powerful Car".
Able to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 9.8 seconds and reach 130 miles per hour (209 km/h), 1955 Chrysler 300 is also recognized as one of the best handling cars of its era.
Studebaker entered the car muscle scene in 1956 with Golden Hawk backed by 352 cuÃ, at (5,8Ã, L) Packard V8 with 275 bhp (205 kW, 279 PS). For the 1957 model, the Rambler Rebel is the fastest American sedan stock according to Trend Motor . Musclecar Enthusiast magazine describes this is "what people believe as the first muscle car." compact size (for the era) 255Ã, hp (190Ã, kW; 259Ã, PS) unibody 1957 Rebel may be "better known if AMC succeeds in their efforts to offer it with Bendix fuel injection."
The popularity and performance of muscle cars grew in the early 1960s, such as Mopar (Dodge, Plymouth, and Chrysler) and Ford fighting for supremacy in drag races. The 1962 Dodge Dart 413 cuÃ, at (6.8Ã, L) Max Wedge, for example, can run 13-second 1/4-mile dragstrip at over 100 miles per hour (161 km/h). In 1961 Chevrolet introduced the SS package on the Impala for $ 53.80, with an optional 409 cu on v8 with 425 hp and upgraded brakes, tires and suspensions. In 1964, the ranks of General Motors boasted Oldsmobile, Chevrolet and Pontiac muscle cars, and Buick lowered a muscle car a year later. For 1964 and 1965, Ford had 427 cuÃ, in (7.0,0,  ° C) Thunderbolt, and Mopar launched a 426Ã,  ° C deep (7.0.0, L) Hemi engine. The Pontiac GTO is an optional package that includes Pontiac 389 cuÃ, in (6.4Ã, L) V8 engines, shifted floor transmission with Hurst shift relation, and special trim. In 1966, GTO became its own model. The project, led by Pontiac division president John DeLorean, technically violates GM's policies, limits its smaller cars to 330Ã, cuà (5,4Ã, L) displacement, but the new model proves to be more popular than expected, and GM inspired and its competitors to produce many imitators.
American Motors, although late entering the 1960s muscle car market, produced "impressive lineup of performance cars in a relatively short time," Trend Motor said. "The first impetus of AMC's performance came in 1965, when the dramatic Fastback Rambler Marlin, if ungainly, was introduced to the Ford Mustang and Plymouth Barracuda battles." Although Marlin failed in terms of initial sales and performance, the AMC gained car-muscle credibility in 1967, when it made Marlin and Rebel "pedestrians" available with 280Ã, new hp (209 kW, 284 PS), 343 cu at (5.6 Ã, L) "Typhoon" V8. In 1968, the company offered two rival car muscle pony cars: Javelin and its two-seater cut variants, the AMX sports car in the Grand Touring tradition.
Horsepower and marketing war
Although actual muscle car sales are relatively modest with total Detroit production standards, they have value in publicity. Competition between producers means buyers have stronger engine options. The horsepower war began that culminated in 1970, with some advertising models of 450 hp (336 kW; 456 PS).
The muscle cars attract young customers into showrooms, and they buy the standard edition of these medium-sized cars. To improve the "halo" effect of this model, the manufacturers modify some of them into turn-key drag racers.
Ford built 200 lightweight Ford Galaxies for drag racing in 1963. All unnecessary equipment was removed. Modifications include fiberglass panels, aluminum bumper, traction bars, and 427 cuà © competition specifications, at (7.0Ã, L) engine mills rated at 425 hp conservative (317 kW; 431 PS). This full-size car can run a quarter mile in less than 12 seconds. Also built in 1963 is a 5,000 road-legal version that can be used as a driver every day (Ford claims 0-60 in less than 6 seconds for the same Galaxie 500XL 427 1966).
Another lightweight Ford is the 1964 Ford Thunderbolt that utilizes the mid-size Fairlane body. A Thunderbolt stock can run a quarter of a mile (402 m) at 11.76 seconds at 122.7 mph (197.5 km/h), and Gaspar "Gas" Ronda dominates the NHRA World Championship with Thunderbolt with a best time of 11.6 seconds at 124 mph (200 km/h). The Thunderbolt includes a 427 engine with a dedicated exhaust; although technically legal for road use, the car is too "rough" for public roads, according to excerpt of Hot Rod magazine, to drive to and from the strip, let alone in the streets daily using ". The large bar-traction, the asymmetric rear spring, and the trunk-mounted 95-pound (43-kg) bus battery are intended to maximize traction for the 500 bhp (373 kW) car. Sun visor, exterior mirror, dead-sound, armrests, jack, and wrench are removed to save weight. The car was given a lightweight Plexiglass window, and the initial version had a fiberglass front body panel and bumper, then converted to aluminum to meet NHRA regulations. The base price is US $ 3,780. A total of 111 Thunderbolts were built, and Ford contracted Dearborn Steel Pipes to assist assembly.
In 1963, the Chevrolet General Motors division produced 57 full-size Impala coupes equipped with the RPOZ-11 option package, which added $ 1237.40 to the base price of the vehicle. They are the only division car ever built specifically for drag racing. The package includes a specially modified 409 W series engine, now replacing 427 cubic inches, and officially rated at 430 bhp (321 kW). With a compression ratio of 13.5: 1, the engine requires high-octane fuel. The RPOZ-11 package has many modifications to reduce weight, including aluminum hood, fenders, fan sheathing, and bumpers. Deadly sound material has been removed, such as unimportant such as heater and radio. Other racing features include two-piece intake manifolds, special exhaust manifolds, cylinder heads and pistons, deep-sump oil pans, and cowl induction air cleaners. The RPOZ-11 package was suspended when General Motors ceased engaging in racing in 1964.
The 1964 Dodge 426 Hemi Lightweight produces over 500 bhp (373 kW). This "top drag rider" has aluminum hood, light front bumper, fender, lower door and mosquito net, magnesium front wheel, dodge van light chair, Lexan side window, a windshield wiper, and no sun shield or lethal sound. Like other lightweight classes in that era, it came with factory denial: Designed for a supervised acceleration test. Not recommended for everyday driving in general because of the compromise in the all-round characteristics that must be made for this type of vehicle .
Also too high for the road is Chrysler's small production-1965 drag racer, 550 bhp (410 kW) Plymouth Satellite 426 Hemi. Although the deleted 1966 version (the manufacturer's rating underestimated 425 bhp (317 kW)) has been criticized for poor brakes and cornering, the Car and Driver described it as "the best combination of rough and submissive performance. which we once drove. "The low car's performance denied its performance: it could run a quarter mile 13.8 seconds at 104 mph (167 km/h). The base price is $ 3,850.
Likewise, Chevrolet avoided the flamboyant lines for their Cheville COPO 427 in 1969. The car can run 13.3 seconds. quarter mile at108 mph (174 km/h). Chevrolet rated the engine at 425 hp (317 kW), but NHRA claims a truer450 hp (340 kW). The 1969 COPO Chevelles are "among the most feared muscle cars every day and they do not need badges." The base price is US $ 3,800.
For the year 1970, Chevrolet offers Chevelle SS 454, also with a base price of US $ 3,800. The 454 cu engine at (7.4 L) was rated at 450 hp (336 kW), the highest factory rank at the time. Car Life magazine wrote: "It's fair to say that the Supercar that we know may have been so far."
The general trend toward higher performance in car factories reflects the importance of the youth market. The main attraction of muscle cars is they offer a relatively affordable American car culture and strong street performance in models that can also be used for drag racing. But because of size, optional equipment and luxury appointments are increasing, the engine must be stronger to maintain the performance level, and the car becomes more expensive.
In response to the rising costs and weight, the secondary trend toward the more basic "budget" muscle cars emerged in 1967 and 1968. These included Plymouth Road Runner, "Original budget supercar"; Plymouth GTX, which with a base price of US $ 3,355 offers "per dollar performance as something in the market, and more than most"; and Dodge Super Bee. Manufacturers also offer larger engines in their compact models, sometimes making it lighter, more spacious, and faster than their own horses' car line.
340 dcu in (5.6Ã, L) -powered Plymouth Duster 1970 is one of these smaller and more affordable cars. Based on the compact Plymouth Valiant and sold for US $ 2,547, 340 Duster booked 6.0 seconds 0-60 mph (97 km/h) and ran a quarter mile in 14.7 seconds at 94.3 mph (151.8 km)/h). This compact muscle car "pretty fast" has a slightly stiff, slightly lowered suspension that, in view of the magazine's Hot Rod magazine at the time, lets the car "ride in an acceptable way". However, the retrospective article by the Consumer Guide refers to "punishing travel" and cuts the "obviously low budget." The 1970 model comes with front disc brakes and no spoon hood. The only high-performance clues are dual exhaust and simple stickers. Tom Gale, Chrysler's former vice president of design, described the car as "a phenomenal success: it has a bulletproof chassis, is relatively lightweight, and has a good power train.This is a 200,000 mile (320,000 km) car." Hot Rod rated Duster "one of the best, if not the best, to buy dollars in performance cars" in 1970.
The 1970s American-sized Rebel engine, developed in consultation with Hurst Performance, was also built for normal road use. It has a 390Ã,  ° C at (6.4Ã, L) engine developing 340 hp (254 kW) - "moderate player" that gives 0-60 mph (97 × km/h) time of 6.8 seconds and a quarter mile in 14 , 4 Ã, seconds at 99 mph (159 km/h). Early examples come with a red, white, and blue "patriotic". Jack Nerad writes in Driving Today that it is a "direct competitor to GTO, et al... engine upgraded to 340 hp (254 kW, 345 PS) four barrels Motorcraft carburetor and other hot rod tricks. torque is equally incredible - 430 pound-feet at lazy 3600 rpm.In this car the engine is practically the whole story. "With a four-speed manual transmission, the car" can go from zero to 60 miles per hour in just 6.4 seconds... "In Nerad's view, the car" somehow, however deserves to be considered the Greatest Cars of All Time. "An article in Mopar Muscle says," by far the most amazing for cars with performance levels and standard equipment is a sticker of only US $ 3,475. "
The "plain wrapper" 1969 Plymouth Road Runner, the Car of the Year Motor Trend, has been modified with the addition of a high performance non-standard, high performance induction and exhaust manifold, carburetor and tire c slick with the tire letters to run the 14.7 quarter at 100.6 mph (161.9 km/h) with a 383 cuà machine, at (6.3Ã, L). In this customized form, the car costs US $ 3,893. In 1968, Dodge $ 3,027 Super Bee runs the 15-second quarter at 100 mph (160 km/h) on a road tire with the same engine, just stock.
Hot Rod magazine categorizes 340Ã, cuÃ, in (5.6Ã, L) 1968 Plymouth Barracuda 4-seater as "supercar, without hesitation attached... as well as a 'horse car', a compact and worker hard "with enough rear seat legs - and headroom for" passengers to ride back there without difficulty ", and" flip-up doors to the luggage area to transport some fairly large cargo loads ". It could run a quarter mile in 13.33 seconds at 106.50 mph (171.40 km/h) on the drag strip. The base price is $ 2,796.00; the price tested by Hot Rod is $ 3,652.
Market segment decrease
The muscle car market segment was in high gear "until a shift in social attitudes, crippling insurance rates, the Clean Air Act and fuel crises took out cars from the market in the early 1970s." OPEC oil embargoes lead to price controls and gasoline rationing, as well as higher prices. "Muscle cars quickly become unaffordable and impractical for many people." The auto insurance industry also charges extra for all high-powered models, the additional cost that keeps many muscle cars out of reach of the intended buyers. At the same time, efforts to combat air pollution focus Detroit's attention on emissions control.
The majority of muscle cars come with a choice of high compression powerplants - some as high as 11: 1. Before the oil embargo, 100 octane fuel is common, however, after the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970, the octane rating was lowered to 91-in part due to the removal of lead as a valve lubricant. Gasoline without lead gradually is as a result.
In the mid-1970s, some muscle car markets converged into private luxury performance cars. Some nameplates, such as Chevrolet's SS or Oldsmobile's 442, will be a package of sports appearances (known in the mid to late 1970s as a vinyl and decal option-Plymouth Road Runner is an upscale decoration package for their Volare coupe).
Australia
Australia developed its own muscle car around the same period, the top three manufacturers were Ford Australia, Holden or Holden Dealer Team (at that time part of General Motors), and Chrysler Australia. The cars were specially developed to run on Armstrong 500 (miles) (now Supercheap Auto Parts 1000km). The destruction of these cars is caused by changes in the rules of racing that require 200 samples to be sold to the general public before the car can qualify (homologation). In 1972, the government banned the supercar from the streets after two famous cases. The first example was a magazine journalist Wheels Driving at a speed of 150 mph (240 km/h) in 1971 Ford XY Falcon GTHO Phase III 351 cuÃ, at (5.8Ã, L). While the car was gaining exposure in the media, a second incident took place at George Street, Sydney, when a young man was caught driving around 150 mph (240 km/h) through a busy street in 1971 Ford Falcon GTHO Phase III, drag racing Holden Monaro GTS 350. It's known in Australia as "The Supercar Scare".
Ford produced what was considered the first Australian muscle car in 1967, 289 cu at (4.7Ã,¨L) Windsor - powered Ford Falcon GTXR. Months later, in 1968, Australia would see its first homegrown two-door muscle car, Holden Monaro GTS 327. Ford continued to release a faster model, culminating in a Ford Falcon GTHO Phase III in 1971, backed by a factory that modified 351 Cleveland. Together with its GT and GTHO model, Ford, starting with the XW model in 1969, introduced the "sporty" GS model, available throughout the Falcon range. The basic GS comes with a 188-cu engine in (3.1 L) six-cylinder, but 302 cu in (4.9 L) and 351 cu at (5.8Ã, L) Windsor (replaced by Cleveland engine for XY) V8 engine is optional. Ford, the more luxurious Ford Fairlane is also available with these machines and some allegedly made with the 351 cu (354Ã, kW) 351 cu (OH) 358 cu engine in Cleveland used in the XY GT.
GT XA is available in body style sedan and coupe and while GTHO Phase IV never goes into production, 250 GT is made with RPO package 83 which features a long list of racially oriented upgrades for homologation purposes, including 351 Cleveland making around 254 kW (340 hp). GT continued through the XB series but was discontinued for the XC series in 1976, leaving the GS package as a single sports option, available in all body styles.
General Motors Holden manufactures Holden Monaro with 161Ã, cuÃ, (2.6Ã, L), 186Ã, Â ° C (3.0Ã, Â ° L) (186 and 186S specifications) 6-cylinder engine, 307Ã, Â ° C ( 5a, L), 327Ã, Â ° cuÃ, (5,4) Ã, L), and 350 c at (5.7Ã, L) Chevrolet smallblocks, and then 253Ã, cuÃ, at (4.1Ã, L) and 308Ã , CuÃ, in (5.0Ã, L) Holden V8. This was followed by the release of four high-performance Toranas, LC GTR-XU1 (1970-1971), LJ GTR-XU1 (1972-1973), L34 (1975), and A9X (1977).
The LC XU1 Torana is fitted with a 6.5 liter (3.0 liter) carburetor engine, then upgraded with the release of the LJ model to 202Ã, Â ° c (3.3Ã, Â ° C), compared to 308 cuÃ, at (5.0Ã, L) ) single q-barrel V8 carburetor in SL/R 5000 L34, and SLR5000/SS A9X. There have been many homologation changes during the four or more years of XU-1 production culminating in the specific "Bathurst 1973" specification of LJ XU-1.
The L34 was primarily an engine choice that was released in 1975 at a lower specification LH SL/R 5000 sedan in 1974, with an early engine development by Repco, a company well known for designing the V8 engines that took Jack Brabham and Denny Hulme to 1966 and 1967 Formula One World Championships; The HO factory package that provides enhanced camshafts, Holley carbs, and other racing ready items is also available. The basic L34 also acquires other homologation features such as better brakes and wheel wheel flares. A9X is an option on LX SLR5000 sedan and LX SS hatchback (2-door) and unlike L34 package instead of engine performance improvement, but suspension, differential, and brake enhancement, since L34 engine has been homologated for Group C use. Therefore, the A9X has a basically standard 308ci engine.
Chrysler produced the R/T Valiant Charger from 1971 to 1973, when R/Ts was discontinued; the dominant R/T models are E38 and E49 with 265 high performance engines (4.3Ã, L) Hemi engines featuring three Weber carburettors.
It seems that Chrysler considers the high-performance V8 program to import 338 340 cu on V8 engines (5.6Ã,L) from the US. This high-performing project never runs, and the machine is then paired to an upscale 770 model Charger. Originally, this model was designated "SE" E55 340 (V8) and was only available with automatic transmissions; with a change of model to the VJ in 1973, the machine became an option, and its performance was reduced. All Chrysler Performance Chargers were discontinued in 1974 with high performance, 265 Hemi engines, and 340 V8.
The Australian muscle car era is considered to have ended with the issuance of the Australian Design Regulations regarding emissions at ADR27a in 1976. The exception to this rule is the small number of special Bathurst 1000 builds built after 1976; this is considered a muscle car. Special examples of this homologation include Torana A9X and Bathurst Cobras.
Several high-performance, high-performance road Commodores were produced by HDT Special Vehicles Peter Brock through the early and mid-1980s. This "special homologation" is produced to meet both Australian Group C and International Group A touring car race regulations. Models include VC Group C, Group III VH SS with 0-100 km/h 8.6 seconds, Blue VK SS Group A, and VL Burgundy Group AA (VK and VL Group A cars powered by a slightly de- stroked 304 in the (4.9 L) version of the Holden V8 engine to allow the car to run with lighter weights in touring.TDT racing cars also produced some 5.0 L V8-backed WB Statesmans which were released under the Magnum name They also saw the V8 develop 5.0 L powered Opel Monza in the mid-1980s (named HDT Monza), though as Monza was a 1970s model car and resembled the outdated Torana A9X Hatchback never past the planning stage.
Related pickup truck
Another type of related vehicle is a car-based pickup, known in Australia as ute (short for utility). Holden and Ford Australia both made such a vehicle, under the name Holden Ute and Ford Falcon Ute. Examples in the US are the performance versions of Ford Ranchero, GMC Sprint/Caballero, and Chevrolet El Camino with high output V8 engines, which are no longer manufactured.
In Australia, sports-and-leisure-oriented vans and throws became very popular among younger buyers in the 1970s and played a role in the declining popularity of coupe performance there. By the middle of the decade, producers have captured this phenomenon and started marketing lifestyle-oriented products and utilities from the factory. Holden Sandman, introduced in 1974, is the most famous of these cars; Ford competed with its Surferoo and Sundowner models, and Sandman's popularity caused Chrysler to introduce the van panel body style in 1976 CL Valiant, with a range including the Sport Drifter and Sports Pack models, although currently the market for the vehicle has declined. and relatively few Valiant van panels sold. Models are generally available with a variety of six-cylinder and V8 engines, and often feature wild striping and graphics packages in addition to various time-oriented options, and styling and trim borrowed from their muscle car peers. In the late 1970s, van cars went downhill; Chrysler Australia was struggling to stop its commercial vehicle in 1978, and Sandman's sales declined, with buyers often ordering their cars without the famous stripes and stickers. Ford continued its Sundowner model in the new generation of XD Falcon in 1979 but few were sold.
The revival of muscle cars
The performance-type car started back in the United States during the 1980s. Increased production costs and more stringent regulations governing pollution and safety, these vehicles are not designed for cheap traditional muscle car formulas. The introduction of electronic fuel injection and excessive transmission for the remnants of the remaining 1960s muscle cars, such as the Ford Mustang, Chevrolet Camaro, and Pontiac Firebird, helped maintain market share for them along with a private luxury coupe with performance packages such as Buick Regal T-Type or Grand National, the Ford Thunderbird Turbo Coupe, and the Monte Carlo SS Chevrolet around 1983-88. GM's personal luxuries (known as the G-body which also included Oldsmobile 442 and Pontiac Grand Prix 2 2 in the late 1980s) were removed in 1987 and 1988 in which the front-engine vehicle of the GM10 (W-body) vehicle gradually became a production which marks the end of the body-on-frame RWD platform that has survived since 1964.
The GM facelift of the B-platform vehicle at the end of 1990 (starting with Chevrolet Caprice) resulted in a mix of later-9C1 police packages transformed into the 1994 Impala 1994-96 Impala, using LT1 engines from Camaro and Corvette using cast iron heads. At the time of the SS Impala revival, the sport vehicle was used to outperform passenger cars (from full-size passenger sedans on mass market vehicles) and GM gradually exit platform B at the end of 1996. Ford Motor Company tested waters by selling Mercury Grand Marquis (Mercury Marauder) in 2004, which is a slow seller. Like the SS Impala a decade earlier, Robbers used the Victorian Royal Police Interceptor with some body modifications equipped with 5-spoke alloy wheels.
In 2004, the Pontiac GTO was relaunched in the United States, third-generation Holden Monaro starring (considered a captive import), and Chrysler debuted the 300C as a model in 2005. In 2005, Ford introduced the new 'Mustang', which was designed to resemble original model 1965 2 2 ("fastback"), which brings back the aggressive lines and colors from the original. In 2008, Chrysler reintroduced the Dodge Challenger, which featured design links to the 1970 model. "We have not seen this spontaneous and passionate response to the car since we launched the Dodge Viper concept in 1989," says CEO Tom LaSorda, "but it's easy to see what people love about Dodge Challenger This is bold, powerful and capable This is a modern take on one of the most iconic muscle cars and sets a new standard for pure horse cars. "A year later, running on the same sentiment, Chevrolet released a newly designed Camaro 2009, which bears a resemblance to the 1969 model.
The combination of old and new has triggered the rise of muscle cars. The muscle car era of the mid-1960s came to determine what the infant-boom expected of their cars.
While an aging baby boom generation inspires modern demand for classic American Muscle cars, the consumer market is much more diverse than it was in the 1960s and 1970s. Looking at modern muscle as a social trend, Ford and GM are "innovators," followed by baby boom men in their 50s as "early adopters." The great bulge or "early majority" in modern muscle movement comes from men in their teens and early 20s. For this non-baby boomer consumer, the "cool" image is the key. In the 1960s "cars were not enough cars except punching accelerators resulting in screaming tires and blurry scenes around you..." according to Brent Staples of The New York Times. Cheap fuel and staples of the race race should be fast and hard. Now being "cool," fuel efficient, and cost effective are all part of the package. Instead of fueling a V8 engine, you see a V6 or a turbocharged I4 model. Despite the reduction in power, Detroit managed to sell this package. The Camaro and Challenger saw a 13% and 11% sales surge during June 2011, which "surpassed" the sales growth of all other passenger cars, according to Autodata.
Australia
Ford Australia and Holden currently produce high-performance vehicles. For example, Holden has SS and SSV Commodores and Utilities, and HSV has a more powerful Holden-based version and has produced a limited edition HSV W427 - Commodore equipped with seven liter LS7 V8 from C6 Corvette Z06 from 2008-2009. In 2017, Holden Commodore is suspended as Holden prepares to close its doors in Australia.
Ford Performance Vehicles manufactures a sophisticated version of the Ford Falcon under the name FPV. In 2012, current models include supercharged V8-powered GS sedans and utilities, supercharged V8-powered GT sedans, and 6-cylinder turbocharged F6 sedans and utilities. In 2016, the Ford Falcon was discontinued, and replaced with the 6th generation Ford Mustang.
Holden Special Vehicles currently produces high-performance versions of the Holden Commodore rear-drive sedans. The HSV Clubsport R8 LSA currently has 4008 V8 engine, kW (536Ã, hp) and HSV GTS a V8 430Ã, kW (577Ã, hp) engine, with a 0 to 100 km/h time of 4.4 seconds. Vauxhall introduced Monaro to the UK in 2004. This is a Holden Monaro that features a redesigned badge with a 5.7 L Chevrolet Corvette engine, or in VXR form with a bored machine up to 6.0Ã, L. Low sales and models withdrawn from the Vauxhall range in 2007.
Collectibility
The original car "burning tires", such as the Chevrolet Camaro, AMC Engine, Buick Gran Sport, Dodge Charger R/T, Ford Mustang, Oldsmobile 4-4-2, Plymouth GTX, and Pontiac GTO, are "collector items for classic car lovers". Reproduction sheet metal parts and, in some cases, even complete body skin is available for purchase.
List of car muscles
United States
Trend Motor identified the following model as "muscle car" in 1965:
Street & amp; Track identified the following model as "musclecars" in 1965:
Car and Driver also lists the top 10 muscle cars for the January 1990 issue. The magazine focuses on the engine and includes:
Other muscle cars include the following:
Australia
Chrysler VH model
- 1971-1972 Charger R/T E37 (101 built)
- 1971-1972 Charger R/T E38 (280 bhp (210 kW)) - 3 Speed ​​Gearbox (Track pack and Big tank is a choice and fully printed machine) (316 built)
- 1972-1973 Charger R/T E48 (two built)
- 1972-1973 R/T E49 Charger (302 bhp (225 kW)) - 4 Speed ​​Gearbox (Track pack and Big tank is optional and machine is fully blueprinted) (149 built)
- 1972-1973 Charger S/E E55 (275 bhp (205 kW)) - 727 Torqueflite Auto (340 cubic inch Chrysler LA engine) (124 built)
- 1969-1971 Valiant Hardtop (318 or 360ci V8s)
The VJ model (R/T down nomenclature) is:
- 1973-1974 Charger E48 (169 built)
- 1973 E49 Charger (4 attached)
- 1973-1974 Charger 770 E55 (212 built)
Ford
- 1967-1976 Ford Falcon GT
- 1978 Ford Falcon Cobra
Holden
- 1968-1977 Holden Monaro
- 1974-1978 Holden Torana
Leyland
- P76 "Seven Forces". This is a coupe version of Leyland P76, and the company answers to Holden Monaro GTS, Ford Falcon GT, and Chrysler Valiant Charger. The company suffered financial difficulties and stopped production of Australia before the 3-door Force Seven could be released. Eight completed examples are sold at auction.
Brazil
Chevrolet
Ford
Dodge
- 1969-1975 Dart 318 V8
- 1971-1979 First generation Charger R/T 318 V8 (1969 Modified Dart sold under the name Charger)
- 1980 2nd Generation Charger R/T 318 V8 (1976 Dart Modified is sold under the name Charger)
Puma
- GTB 1975-1979 S1
- GTB 1980-1988 S2
- AMV 1988-1994
Santa-Matilde
- 1979-1988 SM4.1
Argentina
General Motors (Argentina) 1972-1977 Chevrolet Chevy Coupà ©  © "Super Sport" Series 2 (230-250 cid I6)
Ford Motor Argentina
- 1973-1981/82 Ford Falcon "Sprint" (221 cid "SP" [high-performance version modified from Australian machine], 3.6 L, 166HP, I6)
- 2016-Present the Ford Mustang "GT", (302 cid "Coyote" 5.0 L, 421HP, V8)
Chrysler-Fevre Argentina S.A. 1970s979 Dodge "GTX" (225 cid Slant six "RG" 3.7L, 155HP, I6 -only in 1970-1972- series, and series 1972-1979 equipped with 318cid "Chrysler Machines LA ", 5.2 L, 212-230HP, V8)
IKA-Renault (Industrias Kaiser Argentina)
- 1966-1970 Torino "380 CoupÃÆ'Â ©" (380 cid, 3.8 L "Tornado Interceptor 230", 160HP, I6)
- 1966-1970 Torino "380w" (380 cid, 3.8 L "Tornado Interceptor 230" w/3 Weber 45 carburetor, 176HP, I6)
- 1970-1976 Torino "GS200" (380 cid, 3.8 L "Tornado Interceptor 230", only in 1970-1973 series, 3.8 L "Tornado 233" w/7 caucus in 1973-1976 series, 215HP, both I6)
See also
- Sport compact
- Pony Car
- Private luxury car
- Hot bars
- Dragster
References
External links
- Car Muscles on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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