Radio controlled (or R/C ) cars are modeled cars or battery trucks that can be controlled remotely using a special transmitter or remote. The term "R/C" has been used to mean "remote control" and "radio controlled", where "remote controlled" includes vehicles connected to their controllers with wires, but the general use of "R/C" on a vehicle controlled by a radio frequency connection. This article focuses on vehicle-controlled radio only.
Cars are supported by various sources. The electrical model is powered by a small but powerful electric motor and rechargeable nickelmac, a nickel metal hydride, or a lithium polymer cell. There are also brushed or brushless electric motors. Most fuel-powered models use a plug glow engine, a small internal combustion engine fueled by a special mixture of nitromethane, methanol, and oil (in many cases a mixture of castor oil and synthetic oil). This is called a "nitro" car. Recently, very large models have been introduced which are powered by small gasoline engines, similar to trimmer motors, which use a mixture of oil and gasoline. Electric cars are generally considered easier for beginners to work compared to fuel-driven models, but can be equally complex at higher budgets and skill levels.
In both categories, both on the road and off-road vehicles are available. Off-road model, built with fully functional off-road suspension, and wide selection of tires, can be used on any type of terrain. On-road cars, with a much lighter suspension, are very limited to smooth and paved surfaces. In the last decade, advances in vehicles "on the road" have made their suspensions adjusted like many full scale race cars, today.
Video Radio-controlled car
Mobil R/C kelas mainan
R/C class toy cars are usually produced with a focus on design coupled with reduced production costs. Where as a hobby-class car has a separate electronic component that can be individually replaced if it fails, toy-class cars are usually made with more difficult components to find as parts and one electronic circuit board integrated into vehicle design. Although hobbyist class enthusiasts look down on the R/C class of toy cars, maintenance is much easier than the hobby class model because the number of components is much smaller, and the parts can be harvested almost without the cost of any R/C. C toy car of the same size. Performance tends to rely on price, but with the addition of a hobby-level battery type (LiPo), R/C cars can go up to 1/2 the speed of a hobby-class car that is comparable to 1/5 of the price. Stock toy-class cars are equipped with weaker motors and powered by alkaline or NiCad batteries which means their top speed is usually only 5-15 mph (8-24 km/h). The cheaper one does not have a suspension shape and that has a suspension feature has a very primitive or imperfect design. The steering is usually disproportionate (with only three positions: straight, full left, and right full) and usually no proportional "throttle", with stops and full power usually being the only option. With all the disadvantages, a class R/C toy car is a great intro to hobbies, especially for ages 5-10 years, and is an inexpensive platform for modification and tuning even for older fans.
Maps Radio-controlled car
Class-control radio model
In recent years, ready-to-run "ready" or "RTR" models are available from major manufacturers of radio-controlled cars, attracting many fans who will not buy a kit car. This type of vehicle requires little or no final assembly and in many cases, the body is sent painted and trimmed. Product safety inspection to ensure correct operation is important, as operator or observer injury from vehicle dismantling is possible. A number of cars and trucks are currently only available in ready-to-run form. The growing popularity of RTR vehicles has prompted many manufacturers to stop production of kit vehicles. High-end racing vehicles are generally still available or sold only as kits, and companies such as Thunder Tiger, Losi, HPI, Traxxas and Tamiya sell kit and RTR versions with the benefit of a lower-cost or lower-cost version of the kit, respectively. Vehicles with hobby levels can be more expensive, ranging from $ 90 to over $ 2000.
Ready to run , As the name implies, is a pre-assembled model ready for immediate use. They reach speeds of about 70 miles per hour (110 km/h), with some modified versions capable of reaching 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). There are versions that run on both battery and nitro.
Almost Ready For Car Running , Generally known as "Own Raft" cars. They can be customized, you can assemble the parts themselves, they are ideal because you can get new parts for damaged parts and you can modify some features to improve performance. They are mostly used by professional RC drivers, you can also choose almost ready to run as a beginner as it helps you develop your understanding of how different parts work and how to improve it.
Electrical model
The electric-powered model uses a mechanical or electronic speed control unit to adjust the amount of power delivered to the electric motor. The power delivered is proportional to the amount of throttle demanded by the transmitter - the more you pull the trigger, the faster it goes. The "pulsed" voltage uses transistors to produce varying output with smoother transitions and greater efficiency. The electronic speed controller uses a solid state component to adjust the duty cycle, adjusting the power delivered to the electric motor. In addition, most electronic speed controllers can use an electric motor as a magnetic brake, offering better control of the model than is possible with mechanical speed control.
The mechanical speed controller uses a network of resistors and switches between them by turning heads with electrodes around a plate that has electrical contacts. Mechanical speed controllers tend to react slowly as they are driven by servos, discharging energy in the form of heat from the resistors, usually becoming dirty and intermittent, and lacking special braking capabilities. They only appear in vintage RC models, and are now basically outdated.
Most electric cars up to the motor brush are used recently but now many people are turning to brushless motors for higher power output and because they require much less maintenance. They are rated either in relative turns or Kv. The Kv number tells how much RPM the motor will change per volt, assuming no load and maximum efficiency. However, the system's ability to power off depends on the quality of the battery used, the cables and connectors that supply power. Due to their strength, the brushless motor is also used in large monster trucks and 1/8 of the nitro powered trains that have been converted into electricity. High quality brushless systems can be much more powerful than nitro and can achieve achievements such as backflips standing when mounted in monster trucks, especially HPI Savage Flux. Some 1/5 scale gas to electricity conversion in production but rarely occur due to high price.
The new form of r/c electric racing is MAGRacing. Small 1/32 scale car and powered by rechargeable battery and steering and speed controlled by r/c. Additional steering guides are provided by a steel wire hidden on the surface of the track that allows the steering more accurately than can be achieved with a free running r/c car. Therefore, the tracks can be narrower and smaller thus making the system suitable for racing 'at home'. Cars can be driven back to track after 'off', using reverse if necessary, so a marsalal track is not required.
Nitro powered model
Nitroethane nitro powered models use one servo for throttle and braking control; servo rotation in one direction will cause the throttle on the open carburetor, giving more air and fuel mixture to the internal combustion engine. Servo rotation in the other direction causes the torque to be applied to the linkage and cam causing friction with the braking material. Brakes are generally located on driveshaft wheels or spur in some cases and apply stop power only to wheel driven ones. Some models will also use an additional servo to control the transmission box, allowing the vehicle to drive in reverse.
The size of the fuel engine most often ranges from 0.12-0.35 cubic inches (2.0-5.7 cm 3 ). This is due to restrictions by key sanctioning bodies for radio controlled racing. Many "criminal" machines are produced larger than this, primarily intended for vehicles that will not be used in a sanctioning race and therefore do not have to comply with this rule. Engine size related to car class; The 1/10 scale and off-road vehicles are usually equipped with a 0.12-.18 cubic inch engine, with a 1/8 scale vehicle using a 0.21-.32 cubic inch engine. There are exceptions, with many models of Schumacher and Thunder Tiger/Team Associated RC being good examples of the enormous machines that come as standard equipment on certain models.
The fuel-powered engine allows model cars to reach unmodified moderate speeds. Maximum power is generally achieved at medium to high speeds, and a slightly slower throttle response from electrically powered vehicles is expected due to clutch and lack of torque. The electric motor effectively produces instantaneous torque, while the nitro engine, like a full-sized petrol engine, takes time for the engine to roll and clutch to engage. Nitro powered cars (and fuel) can be recharged and back in action in a few seconds, compared to electricity that requires the release of shells and battery fasteners to replace an empty battery. Nitro cars are cooled some by air, some by oil mixed with fuel and can be run continuously without the need for a break for cooling assuming they are properly tuned.
Nitro-powered cars operate like full-sized fuel vehicles more than those performed by electrical appliances, using two-stroke engines rather than electric motors. Sound engine noise is the main selling point for nitro fans, although the brushless electric equivalent is generally faster and requires no special fuel. However, their exhausts contain unburned oil, which usually ends up lining the chassis. This, in turn, requires more cleaning than a powered electric equivalent. Cleaning is usually accomplished by the use of compressed air nozzles and solvents (such as denatured alcohol). Tuning a fuel-powered vehicle requires learning to maintain optimum performance and fuel economy, and to minimize engine wear and overheating, even in ready-to-run vehicles. Running a nitro fueled motor without adjusting or adjusting improperly can damage performance in rich conditions, and cause severe damage in lean conditions.
Due to their ability to be driven for longer periods and the use of burned fuels, mechanical wear in nitro vehicles is generally larger than in electric vehicles. In addition, increasing the weight of fuel-powered vehicles generally leads to higher speed collisions, causing greater damage to colliding vehicles, and a greater level of safety concerns need to be taken into account. Treatments such as air filter cleaning and general chassis cleaning, replacement of worn clutch parts, proper lubrication after run (required for storage) and maintenance of motor related items such as cork replacement make the experience more frustrating for the first time RC users. In addition, nitro motors typically require redevelopment or replacement after 2-8 gallons (7-30 liters) of fuel flows through it, due to loss of compression, which can be accelerated by poor adjustment and overheating. It is also possible to seriously damage the engine by reversing it without weight or ingesting dirt into the carburetor. Thus, nitro-powered vehicles are basically expensive to maintain.
Gasoline powered model
Gasoline-powered vehicles, also known as "fuel" or "gasser", run with a mixture of gasoline and oil. The price is much more expensive (usually $ 800- $ 3000 RTR) than nitro and electric cars. They are also much larger and therefore require more space to walk. They usually do not have high top end speeds (compared to nitro and some electricity) but have a lot of power and do not require a lot of fuel to run. Over time, the cost of gas-powered cars can be fewer than some nitro powered vehicles, due to the high cost of nitro fuel and the purchase of new nitro engines to replace the outdated ones. In addition, gas-powered motor rarely if ever require tuning and has a very long life. This gas-powered vehicle really deals with individuals who are more interested in scale than imagination. This large-scale model has been popular in Europe for over a decade and has recently become very popular in the US thanks to companies like HPI Racing and FG Modelsport that produce high-quality models at locally affordable prices. HPI Racing is the most popular gasoline-powered RC car maker, as they have engineered one of the best gas-powered rc cars that is a 5B HP Steel.
Accessories and Upgrades
All R/C models generally require the purchase of additional accessories. For electric vehicles, the appropriate battery packs and fillers are required to power the car and are rarely included. A soldering iron and supplies are often required to build high-performance battery packs or install upgraded electronics with low resistance connectors. Li-Polymer batteries with the most popular hard casings for RC cars, with the most common voltages are 7.4 V or 11.1 V. For nitro-powered vehicles, heating and fuel plugs are required to power the engine, as well as 4 size batteries AA, or 5-volt 5-volt cell rechargeable battery to power the board electronics. Nitro vehicles also need a means to brake the machine, which can be achieved by using a pull-start, starter box, battery-operated rotostart, or with an electric drill. The Traxxas nitro rc car comes with a hand start up system, which revs the engine and initiates it. It does not require an initial startup system. Relatively expensive fuel models, spark plugs, and after-run oil are also needed. Gasoline-powered vehicles require only the receiver's battery pack and the means to start the engine, usually including pull-start. Hobby-class vehicles almost always require 8 AA-size batteries to power the transmitters, although some may use rechargeable transmitter packs or simply AAs that can be recharged.
Large industrial aftermarket manufacturers produce upgrades or hop-up parts for hobby-class cars. Upgrades range from mere improvements to the longevity of R/C car parts, to overall performance improvements. A number of hobbyists make their own upgrades for sale through classified ads and online forums. The hobby chooses to upgrade the hobby-class car from the plastic stock section to the aluminum section to increase the power and steering angle of the car.
A "ready-to-go" car can be purchased, which leaves the factory in pre-set condition to produce a good race performance without previous adjustments. However, as stated earlier, the vehicles must be kept checked for loose parts before the operation as stated in many manuals. Alternatively, vehicles can be purchased either in kit or partially assembled, built and tuned by the owner prior to use, but most of the time, the owners have to buy radio equipment, and sometimes even machines when they buy equipment.
Principle of operation
Radio-controlled cars use a common set of components for control and operation. All cars require a transmitter, which has a joystick for control, or in the form of a gun pistol, a trigger for the throttle and wheels to spin, and a receiver sitting in the car. The receiver converts the radio signals broadcast from the transmitter into an appropriate electrical control signal for the other components of the control system. Most radio systems use amplitude modulation for radio signals and encode control positions with pulse-width modulation. Enhanced radio systems are available that use stronger frequency modulation and pulse code modulation. But recently, the 2.4 GHz radio frequency has become the standard for class R/C hobby cars. Radio is connected to electronic speed control or servomechanisms (abbreviated to "servo" in common usage) that perform actions such as throttle control, braking, steering, and on some cars, involving forward or backward gear. Electronic speed control and servos ordered by the receiver through pulse width modulation; pulse duration regulates both the amount of current that allows the electronic speed control to flow into the electric motor or set the servo angle. In this model the servo is attached at least to the steering mechanism; servo rotation is mechanically converted into a force that directs the wheel on the model, generally through an adjustable turnbuckle relationship. Servo saver is integrated into all steering relationships and some nitro throttle relationships. Servo saver is a flexible link between the servo and its connection that protects the servo internal gear from damage in the event of a collision or stress.
History
Initial commercial products
Some of the earliest decent commercial RC cars available in mid-1966, were produced by Italian company El-Gi (Elettronica Giocattoli) from Reggio Emilia. Their first model, the Ferrari 1:12 250LM was available in the UK in December 1966, through importers of Motor Books and Accessories, St Martins, London, and early 1967 through Atkinson model stores in Swansea. The model was followed by El-Gi 1:10 Ferrari P4, first shown at the Milan Toy Fair in early 1968. R/C cars became possible around this time solely due to the development of 'proportional' radio controls. Previously all the radio was of 'bang/bang' type, ie the steering was on the left, middle, or right and the speed stopped or gone. It can be used for aircraft or boats but not for cars.
In the mid-1960s a British company, Mardave, based in Leicester, began producing commercially sold RC Cars. Their first car was a nitro or gas-powered car that was sold in the local area in the early 1970s.
In the early 1970s, some commercial products were made by small companies in the US. Most of these companies started out as slot car companies and with the growing popularity of the genre, moved into the R/C field. Among them were Associated Electrics, Thorp, Dynamic, Taurus, Delta, and Scorpion. These initial brubs are 1/8 scale nitro-powered (then called gas) aluminum flat pan cars powered by 0.21 or smaller engines. Bodies for these cars are made of polycarbonate (the most popular being made from Lexan). The most popular engines are C & amp; B Veco McCoy. The main sanctioning body for racing for these cars is Remotely Operated Remotely (ROAR). In 1973-74, Jerobee, a company based in Washington State, created their 1/12 nitro car using a.049 Cox machine. More than 54,000 sold "Ready to Run" W/25K Radio Control System made by EK Products od Texas and balance by JoMac when they buy company from Rocket Research Corp. Some aftermarket companies create spare parts for this car including Lexan clear body, heat sink , and larger fuel tanks. This scale developed into 1/12 scale of electric racing when Associated Electrics created RC12E in 1976-77. Jerobee became Jomac and created their own electrical device called Lightning 2000 which won the National Championship "ROAR" in 1981 & amp; 82 for 6-Cell Modified and 82 6-Cell Production class. The Lightning 2000 was designed by Don McKay and Jon Congdon.
In the late 1970s, interest in the 1/12 scale of electric racing began to grow as a 1/8 scale IC racer, the only category of racing at the time, it was necessary to race throughout the winter as an alternative to practical IC cars they started the 1/12 cars, therefore the winter national series was developed. As a result, this series became popular because a large number of scratchbuilt cars began to appear in these meetings. Once again, the electric r/c car is powered by a revolutionary development, which is a rechargeable battery. Prior to the mid-1970s, batteries were either heavy lead acid or expensive dry dumping cells. In 1976, the Japanese company Tamiya, famous for their elaborate plastic model equipment, released a series of elegant and highly detailed electric car models sold as "suitable for radio control". Although it is rather expensive to buy, the kit and radio systems are sold out quickly. Tamiya immediately started producing model cars that were controlled remotely, and was the first to release off-road carriages featuring a real suspension system. This is a development towards off-road classes that bring a lot of popularity hobbies, because it means radio-controlled cars are no longer confined to asphalt and smooth surfaces, but can be pushed almost anywhere. Tamiya's first real off-road vehicle was Sand Scorcher and Rough Rider, both released in 1979, and both based on a realistic buggy design. Tamiya continues to produce off-road vehicles in increased numbers, featuring working suspensions, stronger motors, off-road textured rubber tires and a variety of stylish "dune buggy" bodies. They also produce trucks, such as the Toyota HiLux Pickup, which features a realistic 3 speed gearbox and leaf springs suspension system. All of these models are realistic, durable, easy to assemble, capable of modification, and easy to repair. They are so popular that they can be credited with launching an explosion in radio-controlled model cars in the early to mid-1980s, and provide the basis for today's radio controlled radio market. Tamiya's popular models include Grasshopper and the Hornet dune buggies as well as models of Blackfoot and Clodbuster monster trucks. The earliest Tamiya models, especially the early off roaders, are now highly sought after by vintage R/C collectors and can take up to US $ 3000 on internet auction sites if they are still in mint form, not built. Recognizing their continued popularity, some of the early kits have even been re-released by Tamiya during 2005-2007, with some changes.
A British company, Schumacher Racing, was the first to develop an adjustable spherical differential in 1980, allowing almost unlimited alignment for various track conditions. By then most of the on-road cars had a solid axle, while off-road cars generally had differential gear types. Team Associated followed suit with the introduction of a 1/5 gas scale RC100 in the car on the road, RC12 1/12 on-road electric car scale, and RC10 1/10 scale off-road electric racing buggy in 1984 (see below). Team Losi followed with the introduction of JRX2 in 1988.
Modern developments in radio controlled racing
In 1984, Associated Electrics, Inc. from Costa Mesa, California introduced off-road rC10 power racers; this model is a departure from the regular line 'Associated Electrics' of a nitromethane-powered racing car on the highway. Designed as a high-quality radio-controlled car, the RC10 chassis chassis is made of high-quality aluminum alloys. Shock absorbers are worked on by machines, filled with oil and can be completely adjustable; they are also manufactured from the same aluminum alloy. The suspension control arm is made of high-impact nylon, as are the three-piece wheels.
Optional metal shielded ball bearings are sometimes incorporated in RC10 wheels and transmissions. The RC10 transmission contains an innovative differential that features hardened steel rings pressed against the ball - which makes it virtually unlimited for any track condition. RC10 quickly became the dominant model in off-road electric racing.
In 1986, Schumacher Racing Products released their CAT (Competition All Terrain) vehicle, which was widely regarded as the best off-road four-wheel rider of the buggy racer at the time. CAT went on to win the 1987 off-road world championship. The car is credited for sparking interest in off-road four-wheel-drive electric racing.
Gil Losi Jr., whose family runs the Ranch Pit Shop R/C racetrack in Pomona, California, turned his studies into engineering, especially in the field of injection mold plastics, leading to Tim Losi's foundations. When JRX-2 , the first Team Losi train, released, it started a rivalry with Team Associated that continues to this day. Team Losi went on to earn a number of achievements, including the world's first natural rubber tire, America's first four-wheel drive car, and an entirely new class of cars, Mini scale 1/18 -T Off-road electricity.
Although Losi and Associated seem to dominate most of the American market, Traxxas, (another American company, renowned for T-MAXX and REVO 3.3), and Kyosho (from Japan), also made a two-wheel-off-street racing competition. Although Losi and Associated are close rivals in the United States, Schumacher's off-road model continues to be popular among European fans.
Electric and nitro cars have gone a long way in terms of power. The electric car has gone from a non-rustildable brushed motor and a NiCad battery to a brushless and LiPo motor. Nitro cars have gone from small machines to large.36-.80 machines used in large monster trucks.
Telemetry in R/C race
In recent years, a one-way telemetry system has also been applied in R/C race cars to get information from car sensors like
- RPM Engine
- Voltage
- Temperature
- Throttle
- Steering
Telemetry systems are usually integrated in radio transmitters that store data in a file. After that, computer analysis is possible by using some telemetry software.
See also
- The International Federation of Auto Racing Models, IFMAR in short, the international regulatory body for radio-controlled racing cars. Also organizing a world championship event on its own. *
- IFMAR 1:10 World Off-Road Electrical Championship
- 1:10 radio-controlled off-road trains
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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