The legend of Saint George and the Dragon illustrates the saint of taming and killing a dragon who demands human sacrifice; the saint thus saves the chosen daughter as the next offering.
Only a legendary kernel appears in the ancient honeyography of Saint George dating from the 7th century or earlier. Here, a king called the "dragon of the abyss" persecutes the saint. Dragon killing may have been transferred from the legend attached to St. Theodore.
The earliest known narrative of a full dragon episode is the 11th-century Georgian texts. The "iconographic" artistic depictions that fit the story in the key elements occurred in the contemporary period in Georgia, which reinforced the origin of the legend there. St George who was killed-dragon (without the princess) was much earlier.
From its origins from the East, it was incorporated into Western Christian tradition, perhaps by the Crusades. The earliest Latin texts probably date from the end of the 12th century, but the story was not popularized until the middle of the 13th century when legends appeared in Speculum Historiale and Golden Legend , and after that became the subject of literature and favorite images of the late Middle Ages. Legend has become part of the Christian tradition relating to Saint George.
Video Saint George and the Dragon
Summary
Location names may vary between versions, and the princess may remain unnamed or vice versa.
Known common versions
In the famous version of Jacobus de Voragine's Legend aurea ( The Golden Legend , 1260s), the Saint George and Dragon episodes occur in a place he calls "Silene", in Libya.
Silene in Libya is plagued by dragons that spew poison living in a nearby pond, poisoning the countryside. To prevent it from affecting the city itself, people offer it two sheep each day, then a man and a sheep, and finally their children and teenagers, selected by the lottery. Once upon a time many fell upon the princess. The king offered all his gold and silver to free his daughter; people refused. The girl was sent to the lake, dressed as a bride, to be fed to a dragon.
Saint George accidentally arrived at the place. The princess tried to expel her, but she swore to stay. The dragon emerged from the pool while they were talking. Saint George made the Crusade and put it on horseback, seriously injuring his spear. She then called the princess to throw her corset ( zone ), and she placed it on the neck of the dragon. When he did, the dragon followed the girl like a "gentle beast" with a rope.
The princess and Saint George brought the dragon back to the town of Silene, where it frightened the people. Saint George offered to kill the dragon if they agreed to become a Christian and be baptized. Fifteen thousand people including the king of Silene converted to Christianity. George then killed the dragon, cut him with his sword, and the corpse was taken out of town with four ox carts. The king built a church for the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint George on the site where the dragon died and the spring flows from its altar with water that heals all illnesses.
Variant
In a 10th-century Georgian narrative, it is the city of Lasia, and the revered emperor who ruled this city is called Selinus . The Greek text gives Lasia (Greek span lang = "el" title = "text"> ????? ) and the king named Selbios ( ??????? ).
Only the Latin version involves the saint who beat the dragon with the spear, before killing him with the sword.
Princess name
"Sabra" and "Cleodolinda" are names that are then designed for the princess saved by St. George, who remains anonymous at Golden Legend .
"Sabra" is his name invented by the writer of the Elizabethan period of British Richard Johnson in his book Seven Champions of Christendom (1596). In the work, he was rearranged as an Egyptian princess. This work takes a lot of freedom with material, and makes St. George married Sabra, and had British children, one of whom became Guy of Warwick.
"Cleodolinda" and "Aia" are the names used for the princess in Italian sources.
Slavic Version
In Russia, the popular saint is called "Egorii the brave" (Russian: ???????????? , Egorii chrabryii >) and combat a kind of dragon named zmei , often described as a three-headed. The folk version extends to the legend and has a holy journey through Rus. In Bulgaria, where zmei is considered more generous, St. George fought lamia (Bulgarian: ????? ).
Maps Saint George and the Dragon
Origins
The earliest surviving form of legend is the Georgian text (Greek Patriarchal Library, Jerusalem, codex 2) of the 11th century. The fact that the earliest art depicting complete legend (with princess elements) occurring in Georgia is seen as corroborating evidence that legend may have been created there.
The earliest martyrs of St. George (dated Acta ) at least as far back as the 6th century. Some of the beginnings of legend are contained in these ancient texts: although Saint George does not fight a literal dragon, he is persecuted by King Dadianus, who is called "the dragon of the abyss" (Greek: ? ????? ??????? , ho bythios drakon).
It has also been argued that the dragon motif may have been transferred to the legend of George from the legend of his soldier saint, Saint Theodore Tiro.
The earliest Greek text, dating from the twelfth or thirteenth century, closely follows the Georgian text and may be a translation of it.
The earliest Latin text corresponding to this legend is De S. Georgio (BHL 3386).
However, the legend did not become widely known among the people until a version combined with the standard of Passio Georgii emerged, namely Vincent of Beauvais' Encyclopedic Speculum Historiale and Jacobus de Voragine's Legend aurea ( Legend of Gold ).
The legend was brought back with the Crusaders, and recounted with the courtesy appeals of the genre of romance.
Artistic depictions
The earliest known "iconographic" artistic depictions featuring saints, dragons, and the princess may be an example of Georgia, the earliest recognizable image in Pavnisi, Georgia (1154-58).
There are actually many examples of art that show St. George fought the serpent, but without the princess, for example, examples from the 10th or 11th centuries of Cappadocia (especially the GÃÆ'¶reme Churches). Frescos in Y? Lanl? Kilise ("Snake Church") which depicts George and Theodore dates from the 10th century or even the mid-9th century. A similar composition, with two riding saints attacking two snakes wrapped around a tree (Mavrucan No. 3, or GÃÆ'¼zelÃÆ'¶z, Ye'dhisar No. 3) is estimated to date from the seventh century.
It became a popular motif for painting, sculpture, etc.
Iconography
Horseman's iconography with spears overcoming evil is widespread throughout the Christian period. In the mythology of Pharaoh, God Setekh killed his brother Osiris. Horus, son of Osiris, avenged the death of his father by killing Setekh. French researchers in the Louvre interpret the fourth century AD Coptic stone fenestrella figure headed eagle mounted against the crocodile, as Horus kills Setekh metamorphosed, and they have considered this ancestral scene to iconography then George killed a dragon.
Medieval Iconography
- East
Some icons depicting a saint as a horseman who killed the date of the dragon until the 12th century. The older (11th century) icon from Georgia (Labechina, Ipari) shows George as a horseman who kills a human enemy rather than a dragon. His motives became popular mainly in the Georgian and Russian traditions, but also found in Greek icons (where the previous mode of depiction of George as a foot soldier and without dragons remains more common). The saint is depicted in the style of a Roman cavalry in the tradition of "Thracian Heroes".
In Russian tradition, this icon is known as ???? ??????? ? ???? ; namely, "the wonders of George and the dragon." The saint is mostly shown on a white horse, facing to the right but occasionally also on a black horse, or facing left. The princess is not usually included. Another motif indicates George is riding a horse with Mytilene's youth sitting behind him.
Some icons show George kills the dragon on foot.
- West
The motif of Saint George as a knight riding a dragon horse first appeared in western art in the second half of the 13th century. The tradition of the saints' arms is shown when St. Cross's Cross The red-and-white George flourished in the 14th century.
Renaissance
- Donatello, Saint George, c. 1417. Bargello, Florence, Italy.
- Paolo Uccello, Saint George and the Dragon , c. 1470. National Gallery, London.
- Giovanni Bellini, Saint George Fighting the Dragon , c. 1471. Altar Pesaro.
- Lieven van Lathem, Saint George and the Dragon (about 1471)
- Bernt Notke, Saint George and the Dragon , Storkyrkan in Stockholm, ca. 1484-1489.
- Andrea della Robbia, terracotta, c. 1490
- Albrecht DÃÆ'¼rer, piece of wood, 1501/4
- Raphael (Raffaello Santi), St. George , 1504. Oil on wood. Louvre, Paris, France.
- Raphael (Raffaello Santi), St. George and the Dragon , 1504-1506. Oil on wood. National Art Gallery, Washington, D.C., United States.
- Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti), Saint George and the Dragon , 1555.
Beginning of modern and modern art
Lukisan
- Peter Paul Rubens, Saint George and the Dragon , 1620.
- Salvator Rosa, San Giorgio e il Drago
- Mattia Preti, St George menang atas naga , 1678, di Basilika St. George, Malta di Victoria, Gozo.
- Edward Burne-Jones, St. George and the Dragon , 1866.
- Gustave Moreau, St. George and the Dragon , c. 1870. Minyak di atas kanvas. Galeri Nasional, London.
- Briton RiviÃÆ'¨re, St. George and the Dragon , c. 1914.
- Uro? Predi ?, St George Membunuh Naga , 1930.
- Giorgio de Chirico, St. George Killing the Dragon , 1940.
Statue
- Statues that are part of Liberty's store hours at Regent Street, London (19th century).
- Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, Saint George and the Dragon , bronze, State Library of Victoria, 1889
- Salvador DalÃÆ', Saint George and the Dragon , Open Air Museum in Cosenza, 1947
Mosaic
- Edward Poynter, Saint George for England , 1869. Central Lobby at Westminster Palace.
Ukiran
- Benedetto Pistrucci, ukiran koin mati, 1817.
Prints
- On banknotes issued by the Bank of England:
- Ã, Â £ 1 note, 1917 to 1933, on the front, with a portrait of George V; 1928 to 1960, in reverse, was duplicated.
- Ã, Â £ 5 note, 1957 to 1967, on the front, with a portrait of Britannia.
- Ã, Â £ 20 notes, 1970 to 1993, on the front, with portraits of Elizabeth II.
Christian tradition
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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