slot machines (American English), known as the fruit machine (English English), puggy (Scottish English), slots (English Canada and America), poker machines/pokies (English English and New Zealand English), or just slot (American English) casino gambling machines with three or more rolls that rotate when the button is pressed. Slot machines are also known as one-armed bandits because they were originally operated by one lever on the side of the machine, different from the buttons on the front panel, and because of their ability to leave poor players or in debt , with bandit as a synonym for "thieves". Many modern machines are still equipped with legacy levers in addition to the buttons.
Slot machines include currency detectors that validate the money that is put to play. The machine pays off according to the symbol pattern seen on the front of the machine when it stops. Modern computer technology has produced variations on the concept of slot machines. Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in the casino and constitute about 70 percent of the average US casino income.
Video Slot machine
Etymology
The term "slot machine" comes from a slot on the machine to insert and extract coins. The "fruit machine" comes from traditional fruit images on rolling rolls, like lemons and cherries.
Maps Slot machine
History
Sittman and Pitt of Brooklyn, New York, USA developed a gaming machine in 1891 which was the forerunner of a modern slot machine. It contains five drums holding a total of 50 card faces and is based on poker. This machine proved very popular and soon many of the city's bars have one or more machines. The player will enter the nickel and pull the lever, which will play the drums and the card they hold, the player hopes for a good poker hand. There is no direct payment mechanism, so a pair of kings may get a free beer player, while a royal flush can pay for a cigar or a drink, the reward depends entirely on what is offered at the local company. To make better chances for a home, two cards are usually removed from the deck: ten shovels and a heart jack, which doubles the odds of winning a royal flush. Drums can also be reset to reduce the chance of players to win.
Due to the large number of possible wins with original poker card-based games, it proved practically impossible to come up with a way to create machines capable of making automatic payments for all possible win combinations. Somewhere between 1887 and 1895, Charles Fey of San Francisco, California, USA designed a much simpler automatic mechanism with three spinning rolls containing a total of five symbols - horse shoe, diamond, shovel, heart, and Liberty Bell. The bell named the machine. By replacing ten cards with five symbols and using three scrolls instead of five drums, the complexity of reading the winnings is greatly reduced, allowing Fey to devise an effective automatic payment mechanism. Three successive bells produced the largest yield, ten cents (50 Â ¢). Liberty Bell is a huge success and spawned a fast-growing mechanical game equipment industry. Even when the use of this gambling device was banned in his home country after a few years, Fey still could not meet the demand for the game elsewhere. The Liberty Bell machine is so popular that it is copied by many slot machine manufacturers. So in 1907, producer Herbert Mills from Chicago produced a slot machine called the Bell Operator. In 1908 many "bell" machines were installed in most cigar stores, saloons, bowling alleys, brothels and barber shops. Early machines, including the 1899 "Liberty Bell", are now part of the Fey Nevada State Museum Collection.
Other early machines, such as trade incentives, give victory in the form of fruit-flavored gum with a flavored image as a symbol on the roll. The popular cherry and melon symbols come from this machine. The BAR symbol is now common in slot machines derived from the initial logo of Gum Buah-Bell Company. Payments of food gifts are a common technique used to circumvent laws against gambling in some states, and for this reason a number of stupid and other vending machines are regarded with distrust by the courts. Two cases of Iowa Country v. Ellis and Country v. Striggles are both used in criminal law classes to illustrate the concept of dependence on authority relating to the axiom of ignorantia juris non excusatus ("legal ignorance is no excuse"). In this case, the mint vending machine is declared a gambling device because with the opportunity (internally produced) the machine sometimes gives the next user a number of tokens that can be exchanged for more candies. Despite the fact that the results of subsequent use will be shown on the machine, the court ruled that "[t] engine he appealed to players' tendency to gamble, and that was [a] representative."
In 1963, Bally developed the first complete electromechanical slot machine, called Money Honey (though previous machines such as Bally's "High Hand" draw pocket machine) have demonstrated the basics of electromechanical construction as early as 1940). The electromechanical approach of the 1960s enabled Money Honey to be the first slot machine with an elementary hopper and automatic payout of up to 500 coins without the help of an officer. The popularity of this machine led to increased electronic game dominance, and the side lever soon became vestigial.
The first original video slot machine was developed in 1976 at Kearny Mesa, California by Fortune Coin Co. based in Las Vegas. This slot machine uses a 19-inch (48 cm) Sony Trinitron color receiver modified for display and logic boards for all slot machine functions. The prototype is installed in a full size ready-made slot machine cabinet. The first production unit is on trial at the Las Vegas Hilton Hotel. After some "cheat-proofing" modifications, the video slot machine was approved by the State Gaming Commission of Nevada and eventually found popularity in the Las Vegas Strip and downtown casino. Fortune Coin Co. and their video slot machine technology was purchased by IGT (International Gaming Technology) in 1978.
The first American video slot machine to offer a "second screen" bonus round is Reel 'Em In , developed by WMS Industries, Inc. in 1996. This type of machine has appeared in Australia since at least 1994 with the game "Three Full Bags". In this type of machine, the display changes to provide different games where additional payments can be won or accumulated.
Description
Someone who plays a slot machine can enter cash, or entrance tickets, ticket machines, paper tickets with barcodes, to designated slots on the machine. The machine is then activated by using a lever or button, or on a newer machine, by tapping the touch screen on its face. The game itself may or may not involve skill in the player's part - or it may create an illusion involving skill while just being a coincidence game.
The goal of the game is to win money from the machine. The game usually involves matching symbols, both on rolling mechanical rolls and stops to reveal one or more symbols, or on the simulated reels shown on the video screen. Symbols are usually brightly colored and easily recognizable, such as pictures of fruit, numbers or letters, and simple shapes such as bells, diamonds, or hearts; newer video slot machines use animated cartoon characters and images of popular actors or singers (in terms of themed slot machines, as described below).
Most games have a variety of superior symbol combinations, often pre-installed (or available on different screens, accessible by touching keys on the main touch screen, on video slot machines). If a player matches a combination according to the rules of the game, the slot machine gives credit to player money or some other value, such as free-spin or additional games. Free rotation is a common feature in modern slot games that allows users to rotate the machine without cost. Many online casinos advertise their free spin rewards and emphasize this feature.
There are many types of slot gambling machines in places like Las Vegas (as well as casino models after they are in Las Vegas, including those operated on Native American bookings). Some of the most popular are video poker machines, where players expect to get a set of symbols that match the winning poker hand. Depending on the machine, players can play one, 100, or more hands at a time. Another popular type of machine internationally is a video bingo machine, where players can play Latin style bingo or American style bingo. Depending on the player the machine can play one or more bingo cards at a time.
Multi-line slot machines have become more popular since the 1990s. These machines have more than one payline, which means that the visible symbols that are not aligned on the main horizontal can be considered to win the combination. Traditional 3-slot machines generally have three or five paylines, while video slot machines may have 9, 15, 25, or as many as 1024 different paylines. Most video slot machines have themed games, some of which feature graphics and music based on popular entertainers, movies or TV programs ( Family Addams , I Dream of Jeannie , Day , etc.) with bonus rounds. Most receive a variable number of credits to play, with 1 to 15 credits per line being typical. The higher the bet amount, the higher the payout if the player wins.
There are also standard 3 to 5 electromechanical reel machines, of various types. This is a typical "one-armed bandit". Since about 2005 has introduced hybrid engine, which combines elements of both video machines and traditional electromechanical machines.
One of the main differences between a video slot machine and a reel machine is how payment is calculated. With a reel engine, the only way to win the maximum jackpot is to play the maximum number of coins (usually 3, sometimes 4, or even 5 coins per round). With a video machine, the payout value is multiplied by the number of coins per line bet. In other words: on the reel machine, it is less likely to benefit from the gambler playing with the maximum number of coins available.
For example, on the Wheel of Fortune reel machine (based on the popular Wheel of Fortune TV show created by Merv Griffin), players must play 3 coins per round in order to qualify to trigger bonus round and maybe win the jackpot. On the Wheel of Fortune video machine, the opportunity to trigger a bonus round or win the maximum jackpot is the same regardless of the number of coins bet on each line.
Larger casinos offer slot machines with denominations of 1 cent ("penny slots") up to $ 100.00 or more per credit. Large denomination slot machines are usually closed from the rest of the casino to the "High Bound" area, often with separate auxiliary teams to meet the needs of those who play there.
In recent years, new multi-denomination slot machines have been introduced. With this slot machine, players can choose the value of each credits at stake (the stake ) from the options list. Based on the player's choice, the slot machine automatically calculates the amount of credits the player receives in exchange for the inserted cash and displays the amount of credit available to the player.
Terminology
Bonus is a special feature of a particular game theme, which is activated when certain symbols appear in a winning combination. Bonuses vary depending on the game. Some bonus rounds are free rounds of special sessions (often based on winning combinations that trigger bonuses), often with different combinations or modifications modified as the main game, and often with the winning credit score increased by a certain multiplier, clearly displayed as part of the bonus graph and/or animation (which in most cases has a design or color scheme slightly different from the main game). In the other bonus round, players are presented with multiple items on the screen to choose from. When a player selects an item, a certain amount of credit is revealed and given. Some bonuses use mechanical devices, such as spinning wheels, that work along with bonuses to display the amount won. (Some engines feature two or more of these bonus styles as part of the same game.)
Candle is the light above the slot machine. It blinks to alert the operator that changes are needed, pay for requested hands or potential problems with the machine. This can be turned on by the player by pressing the "service" or "help" button.
Carousel refers to a slot machine grouping, usually in a circle or oval formation.
Coin hopper is a container where the coins are immediately available for payment on hold. A hopper is a mechanical device that plays a coin into a coin tray when a player collects credit/coins (by pressing the "Cash Out" button). When a certain preset coin capacity is reached, the coin switcher automatically diverts, or "drops," the excess coin to the "drop bucket" or "drop box." (Unused coin hopper can still be found even in games that exclusively use Ticket-In Ticket-Out technology, as a remnant.)
The credit meter is the visual LED display of the amount of money or the amount of credit on the machine. In this video reel engine is a simulated LED display, or represented in a different font altogether, based on game graphic design.
The drop box or drop is the container located at the base of the slot machine where the excess coin is diverted from the hopper. Typically, drop buckets are used for low denomination slot machines and drop boxes are used for high denomination slot machines. The drop box contains a hinged cover with one or more keys while the falling bucket does not contain a cover. The contents of drop buckets and drop boxes are collected and calculated by the casino based on the schedule.
RUPSLB is used as an abbreviation for "Electronic Game Machine".
Free Spin is a term used in slot games and online slot games to determine that laps will be completed at no cost or on the same bet. Free rotation can be triggered by a number of things, each game using a different method. Typically, the landing of special symbols on the roll is required to activate the free round of bonus rounds. Most scatter symbols are preferred for this activation, although wild symbols (or completely different symbols dedicated to this feature) can be used as well. In most game slots, the landing of at least three special symbols on the reels is mandatory to trigger such features. Once triggered, a free round of bonus rounds gives a number of free rounds to the player. The number of free rounds differs from game to game. If there is the ability to trigger a free spin back during the free round bonus, there is no theoretical limit to the number of free rounds available. Spins are automatically used by the game and players retain earnings after round completion. One free cycle is sometimes called respin.
Hand payments refers to payments made by officers or at exchange points ("cages"), not by the slot machine itself. A hand payment occurs when the payment amount exceeds the maximum amount set by the slot machine operator. Typically, the maximum amount is set at the level at which the carrier must start reducing the tax. Hand payments can also be required as a result of a short payment.
Hopper's hop slip is the document used to record a refill of a coin in a coin hopper after it has run out as a result of a payment to the player. The slip shows the number of coins placed into the carriage, as well as the signatures of the employees involved in the transaction, the slot machine number and location and date.
MEAL book ( M achine e ntry a uthorization l og) adalah log dari entri karyawan ke dalam mesin.
The Low Level or Slant Top machine includes a bench so the player has sitdown access. Stand Up or Upright slot machine is played while standing.
Optimal games is the percentage of return based on a gambler using the optimal strategy in a skill-based slot machine game.
Payline is a line that cuts through one symbol on each roll, where the winning combination is evaluated. Classic spinning reel engines typically have up to nine paylines, while video slot machines may have as many as a hundred. Paylines can be of various shapes (horizontal, vertical, italic, triangle, zigzag, etc.)
Rollup is the process of dramatizing victory by playing the sound while meter counts to the amount that has been won.
Short payment refers to a partial payment made by a slot machine, which is less than the amount paid to the player. This happens if the coinper hopper has run out because of previous payments to players. The remaining amount because the player is paid as a direct payment or the officer will come and recharge the machine.
Scatter Symbol It takes at least two of the same symbols on the payout line to be paid in the slot game. However, spread the symbols work differently and give rewards whether they are placed on a payment line or not. However players still have to get at least two of them in modern slot games. (The more, the better.) Scatter symbols are usually used to give a number of free rounds. The number of free rounds differs from game to game; ie 20 free rounds for landing 3 scatter symbols anywhere on the roll. They can also give away coin prizes, based on their numbers. Gifts are usually small, but they are paid in addition to other wins. The scatter symbol is usually a special symbol, meaning wild symbols can not replace it, although in some wild symbol games also replace scatters.
Slot Variance At the heart of the slot machine game is the concept of slot variance (or volatility slot) that is fundamental to how the slot machines 'feels' to play. The slot variant is a measure of risk associated with playing a slot machine. Low variance slot machines have regular but smaller wins and high variance slot machines have fewer but bigger wins.
Taste is a reference to a small amount that is often paid to keep players sitting and keep betting. Very rarely will the machine fail to pay even the minimum bet placed during multiple withdrawals.
Tilt The electromechanical slot machine usually includes an electromechanical "tilt switch", which makes or breaks the circuit if the engine is tilted or tampered with, and triggers an alarm. While modern machines no longer have tilt switches, any kind of technical faults (door switches in the wrong state, reel motor failure, out of paper, etc.) are still called "tilts".
Theoretical Worksheet Document provided by the manufacturer for all slot machines, indicating the theoretical percentage that the slot machine should bear based on the amount paid. The worksheet also shows the arrangement of reel strips, number of playable coins, payment schedules, number of reels and other information information of certain types of slot machines.
Weight Count is an American term referring to the dollar amount of coins or tokens removed from the drop bucket or drop box of the machine slot and counted by the casino hard counting team through the use of scale scales.
Wild Symbols Wild symbols act like joker cards in a slot game. Basically, they replace all other symbols in the game, usually except for other special symbols, such as scatter and jackpot. They can appear on one of the scrolls. However, this is not mandatory and can be changed from game to game. In some games, wild symbols can only appear on certain rolls. Alternatively, they may only appear during bonus rounds. Players must refer to rules and table games to learn about landing rules. In online slot games, they can also be used to win jackpots, multiply prizes and/or trigger certain features.
Mobile is when slot machines are hosted for online gambling and are usually available for use on mobile phones, tablets or other portable devices. These are often stand-alone mobile casino applications but are also found as part of an online casino site. View Mobile gambling. By 2017, HTML5 technology and the progress of the mobile browser have eliminated the need for stand-alone mobile apps. New slots, with majority, can be played on mobile and desktop devices.
Pay-desk
Each machine has a table that lists the amount of credit the player will receive if the symbol listed on the payout table line up on the machine's payout line. Some symbols are wild and may represent many, or all, other symbols to complete the victory line. Especially on older machines, the payment tables are listed on the front of the machine, usually above and below the area containing the wheel. Most video engines display a payment table when a player presses the "payout table" button or touches the "pay table" on the screen; some have payment tables listed in the cabinet as well.
Technology
Rolls
Historically, all slot machines use rotating mechanical rolls to display and determine the results. Although the original slot machine used five rolls, simpler, and therefore more reliable, three reel engines quickly became the standard.
The problem with the three reel machines is that the number of combinations is just cubic - the original slot machine with three physical rolls and 10 symbols on each roll has only 10 3 = 1,000 possible combinations. This limits the producer's ability to offer large jackpots because even the rarest event has a 0.1% chance. The maximum theoretical payment, assuming 100% return to the player will be 1000 times the bet, but it will not leave room for other payments, making the machine at very high risk, and also quite boring.
Although the number of symbols eventually increased to about 22, allowing 10,648 combinations, this still limited jackpot size as well as the number of possible outcomes.
In the 1980s, however, slot machine manufacturers incorporated electronics into their products and programmed them to weigh certain symbols. Thus, the likelihood of loss of symbols appearing on the borders becomes disproportionate to their actual frequency on the physical reel. The symbol will appear only once on the roll shown to the player, but actually, it can occupy multiple stops on some scrolls.
In 1984, Inge Telnaes received a patent for a device entitled, "Electronic Gaming Devices Utilizing a Random Number Generator for Choosing Rolled-Out Positions" (US Patent 4448419), which states: "It is important to make perceived machines to present greater yield opportunities than those is in fact within the legal limits that the game of chance should operate. "The patent was later purchased by International Game Technology and has since ended.
A virtual reel that has 256 virtual stop per reel will allow up to 256 3 = 16,777,216 end positions. Manufacturers can choose to offer a million dollar jackpot of $ 1 bets, confident that it will only happen, in the long run, once every 16.8 million plays.
Computerized
With microprocessors now everywhere, computers inside modern slot machines allow manufacturers to assign different probabilities to each symbol on each roll. For the player it may seem that the winning symbol is 'so close', when in fact the probability is much lower.
In modern slot machines, rolls and levers are only for historical and entertainment reasons.
In the 1980s in England machines embodied microprocessors became common. It uses a number of features to ensure payment is controlled within the limits of gambling laws. When a coin is inserted into a machine, it can go to either of two routes, either directly to the cashbox for the owner's benefit, or alternatively it will go into the channel that forms the payment reservoir, the microprocessor that monitors the number of coins in this channel. The drum itself is driven by a stepper motor, controlled by the processor and with proximity sensor monitoring the position of the drum. A "table view" in the software allows the processor to know what symbols are being displayed on the drum to the gambler. This allows the system to control the level of payment by stopping the drum in a predetermined position. If the payment channel is filled, the payment becomes more generous, if almost empty, giving less control over the odds.
Video slot machine
The video slot machine is a newer innovation, with no moving parts at all - instead a graphical representation of one appears on the screen. Because players basically play computer/video games, manufacturers can offer more interactive elements, such as advanced bonus games and advanced video graphics.
In addition, since there are no mechanical constraints on the design of video slot machines, most show five scrolls rather than three. It greatly expands the number of possibilities: the machine can have 50 or more symbols on the reel, giving the odds as high as 300 million for 1 against - enough even for the biggest jackpot. Because there are so many combinations given by five scrolls, the manufacturer does not have to break into payment symbols (although some may still do so). Conversely, higher payment symbols will usually appear only once or twice on each roll, while more common symbols, getting more frequent payouts, will show up over and over again.
Video slot machines usually encourage players to play multiple "lines", so instead of just taking the middle of the three symbols displayed on each roll, the line can be from the top left to the bottom right, or one of the other patterns specified by the manufacturer. Since every symbol has the same possibilities, there is no difficulty for the manufacturer to allow players to take any or all of the possible lines offered - the return of players in the long run will be the same. The difference for a player is that the more lines he plays the more likely he is paid for a certain round - although of course he bet more in the first position.
To avoid the feeling that the player money is just receding (whereas 100 credit payouts on a one-line machine will be 100 bets, and players will feel they have made a big win, on a 20 line machine, it will only be 5 bets and it seems unlikely to be significant) manufacturers usually offer bonus games, which can return many of their bets. Players are encouraged to continue playing to earn bonuses: even if he loses, bonus games can allow him to win back losses.
Generator of random numbers
All modern machines are designed using pseudo random number generators ("PRNGs"), which constantly produce a series of simulated random numbers, at rates of hundreds or even thousands per second. Once the "Play" button is pressed, the latest random number is used to determine the result. This means the results vary depending on when exactly the game is played. A split second before or after, and the result will be different.
It is important that the machine contains a high-quality RNG implementation, because all PRNG must ultimately repeat the sequence of their number, and if the time period is short, or PRNG is declared flawed, the advanced player may be able to 'predict' the result. Having access to PRNG codes and seed values, Ronald Dale Harris, a former slot machine programmer, finds similarities to certain gambling games like Keno that allow him to predict what will determine the next set of numbers to be based on the previous game being played.
Most machines are designed to beat this by generating numbers even when the machine is not played, so players do not know where the sequence is, even if they know how the machine was programmed.
Percent of payment
Slot machines are usually programmed to pay as 82% wins to 98% of the money at stake by players. This is known as "theoretical payment percentage" or RTP, "back to player". The percentage minimum theoretical payment varies between jurisdictions and is usually fixed by law or regulation. For example, the minimum payment in Nevada is 75%, in New Jersey, 83%, and in Mississippi 80%. The winning pattern on the slot machine - the amount they pay and the frequency of payments - is carefully selected to produce certain fractions of the money played to the "home" (slot machine operator), while returning the rest to the player during play. Suppose a certain slot machine costs $ 1 per round and has a return to the player (RTP) of 95%. It can be calculated that over a considerable period of time, such as 1,000,000 revolutions, that the machine will return an average of $ 950,000 to its players, who have entered $ 1,000,000 during that time. In this example (simplified), the slot machine is said to pay 95%. The operator keeps the remaining $ 50,000. In some EGM development organizations this concept is referred to simply as "par." "Par" also manifests itself to the gamblers as a promotional technique: "Our 'Loose Slots' have 93% return! Play now!" It should be noted that "Loose Slot" can actually describe very few anonymous machines in certain banks of EGMs.
The percentage of theoretical payment of a slot machine is set at the factory when the software is written. Changing the percentage of payments after the slot machine has been placed on the gambling floor requires a physical exchange of software or firmware , usually stored on EPROM but can be loaded into non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) or even stored on a CD -ROM or DVD, depending on machine capabilities and regulations. Based on current technology, this is a time consuming process and thus rarely done. In certain jurisdictions, such as New Jersey, EPROM has a clear-cut seal and can only be changed in the presence of a Gaming Control Board official. Other jurisdictions, including Nevada, randomly slot audit machines to ensure that they only contain approved software.
Historically, many casinos, both online and offline, do not want to publish individual RTP game images, making it impossible for players to know whether they play "loose" or "tight" games. Since the turn of the century, some information about these numbers began to enter the public domain either through the various casinos that released it - especially this is true for online casinos - or through studies by independent gambling authorities.
The back to player is not the only interesting statistic. The probability of each payment on the payout table is also very important. For example, consider a hypothetical slot machine with a dozen different values ​​on the payout table. However, the chances of getting all payments are zero except the largest. If the payment is 4,000 times the number of entries, and that happens every 4,000 times on average, back to the player is 100% right, but the game will be boring to play. Also, most people will not win anything, and having an entry on a paytable that has zero return will deceive. Since the individual probability of this is a closely guarded secret, it is likely that a machine that is advertised with high returns to the player only increases the likelihood of this jackpot. Casinos can legally place machines with similar style payments and advertise that some machines have 100% returns to players. An added advantage is that this huge jackpot increases the excitement of other players.
The probability tables for certain machines are called Probability and Accounting Reports or PAR sheets, also PARS is generally understood as Paytable and Reel Strips. Mathematician Michael Shackleford revealed PARS for one commercial slot machine, the original International Gaming machine Red and White Blue . This game, in its original form, is outdated, so this specific probability does not apply. He only published the opportunity after fans sent him some information given on a slot machine mounted on a machine in the Netherlands. The psychology of machine design is quickly revealed. There are 13 payments ranging from 1: 1 up to 2,400: 1. 1: 1 payment comes every 8 dramas. 5: 1 payments come every 33 dramas, while 2: 1 payouts come every 600 dramas. Most players consider the possibility of increasing in proportion to the payment. A one-off payment designed to give the player a thrill is a payment of 80: 1. It's programmed to happen on average once every 219 plays. The 80: 1 payment is high enough to create excitement, but not high enough to allow players to take a win and leave the game. Most likely players start the game with at least 80 times the stakes (for example there are 80 quarters in $ 20). Conversely 150: 1 payments only occur on average once every 6,241 plays. The highest payment of 2,400: 1 occurs only on average once every 64 3 = 262,144 times since the machine has 64 virtual stop. Players who continue feeding the machine may have some intermediate payments, but may not have large payouts. He stopped after he got bored or ran out of money.
Despite the fact that they are confidential, sometimes the PAR sheet is posted on the website. They have limited value to the player, because usually the machine will have 8 to 12 different programs with various payouts. In addition, slight variations of each machine (e.g., With double jackpots or five plays ) are always developed. Casino operators can choose an EPROM chip to be installed on a particular machine to select the desired payment. The result is that there is nothing really like the type of high payback machine, because each machine has potentially many settings. From October 2001 to February 2002, columnist Michael Shackleford obtained PAR sheets for five different nickel machines; four games of IGT Austin Powers , Fortune Cookies , Leopard Spots and Wheel of Fortune and one game produced by WMS ; Dig them on . Without disclosing proprietary information, he developed a program that would allow him to determine with normally less than a dozen plays on each machine on which an EPROM chip is installed. Then he surveyed more than 400 machines at 70 different casinos in Las Vegas. He averages the data, and sets the average percentage of returns to the machines in each casino. The list of results is widely publicized for marketing purposes (especially by the top rated Palms casino).
One of the reasons that a slot machine is so profitable for a casino is that players must play high house edge and high payout bets along with low-edge and low-payout wagers. In more traditional betting games such as craps, players know that certain bets have a 50/50 chance of winning or losing, but they only pay a limited multiple of the original bet (usually no higher than three times). The other bets have a higher home advantage, but players are rewarded with a bigger win (up to thirty times in the dice). Players can choose what kind of bet they want to make. Slot machines do not have such an opportunity. Theoretically, the operator can make this probability available, or allow the player to choose which one so that the player is free to make a choice. However, no operator has ever enforced this strategy. Different machines have different maximum payouts, but without knowing the possibility of getting a jackpot, there is no rational way to differentiate.
In many markets where central monitoring and control systems are used to connect machines for audit and security purposes, usually in wide area networks from multiple places and thousands of machines, player returns usually have to be changed from a central computer rather than on every machine. Various percentages are set in game software and selected remotely.
In 2006, the Nevada Gaming Commission began working with Las Vegas casinos on a technology that would allow casino management to remotely change games, opportunities, and payments. Changes can not be made instantly, but only after the selected machine has been idle for at least four minutes. After the change is made, the machine must be locked to a new player for four minutes and displays a message on the screen informing potential players that a change is being made.
Connected machine
Often the engine is connected together in a way that allows a group of machines to offer a very large gift, or "jackpot". Each group slot machine contributes a small amount to this progressive jackpot, given to players who get, for example, a royal flush on a poker video machine or a combination of symbols on a regular slot machine or nine lines. The amount paid for a progressive jackpot is usually much higher than a single slot machine can pay for itself.
In some cases, some machines are connected in some casinos. In this case, the machine may be owned by the manufacturer, which is responsible for paying the jackpot. Casinos rent machines instead of owning them directly.
Casinos in New Jersey, Nevada, and South Dakota now offer multi-country progressive jackpots, which now offer larger jackpot pools.
Fraud
Their mechanical slot machines and coin acceptors are sometimes susceptible to fraudulent devices and other frauds. One historical example involves spinning coins with short plastic wire. The weight and size of the coin will be accepted by the machine and credit will be given. However, a round made by a plastic wire will cause the coin out through the rejection launcher into the payment tray. This scam has become obsolete due to improvements on newer slot machines. Another obsolete method to defeat slot machines is to use a light source to confuse the optical sensors used to calculate coins during payment.
Modern slot machines are controlled by EPROM computer chips and, in large casinos, coin acceptors have become obsolete for the acceptor of bills. These machines and their billing acceptor are designed with sophisticated anti-fraud and anti-counterfeiting measures that are difficult to cheat. Early computer slot machines are sometimes cheated through the use of fraudulent devices, such as "slider" or "monkey paw". The computerized slot machine is entirely deterministic and thus the result can sometimes be predicted.
Jackpot error
The electronic slot malfunction machine is able to show the jackpot wins far beyond the advertised ones. Two such cases occurred at a casino in Colorado in 2010, where software errors caused an identified jackpot of $ 11 million and $ 42 million. Analysis of machine records by the Gaming Commission states exposing errors, with the true jackpot being much smaller. Country game law does not require a casino to get paid.
Area variation
United States
In the United States, the availability of public and private slot machines is highly regulated by the state government. Many countries have established game control boards to manage ownership and use of slot machines.
Nevada is the only country that has no significant limits on slot machines for both public and private use. In New Jersey, slot machines are only allowed in hotel casinos operating in Atlantic City. Some states (Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana and Missouri) allow slot machines (as well as casino-style gambling) only on licensed river boats or permanently docked barges. Since Hurricane Katrina, Mississippi has removed the requirement that casinos on the Gulf Coast operate on barges and now allow them on land along the shoreline. Delaware allows slot machines on three horse trails; they are governed by a state lottery commission. In Wisconsin, bars and taverns are allowed to have up to five machines. This machine usually allows players to take a payment, or risking it on a "side game" double or not at all. A player redeems his victory by pressing a button to print a ticket, which redeemed the bartender for cash.
The Puerto Rican region places significant restrictions on ownership of slot machines, but the law is widely violated and common slot machines are in bars and coffeeshops.
Private ownership
Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Kentucky, Maine, Minnesota, Nevada, Ohio, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia do not restrict private ownership of slot machines. In contrast, in Connecticut, Hawaii, Nebraska, South Carolina, and Tennessee, private ownership of slot machines is strictly prohibited. The remaining states allow slot machines at a certain age (usually 25-30 years old) or slot machines produced before a certain date. For a detailed list of state-by-state regulations on private slot machine ownership, see US slot machine ownership rules.
Genuine American Casino
The original American Casino located on the reservation is not permitted to have a slot machine unless the first tribe reaches an agreement with the country in which it is located (as per the Indian Gaming Rules Act). Typically, an agreement grants the state the right to receive a fraction of the gross revenue from the slot machine.
Machine class slots
Some countries have restrictions on the type (called "classes") of slot machines that can be used in casinos or other game areas. The "Class III" (or "traditional") slot machine operates independently from a centralized computer system and the player's chance of winning any payment equals every game. Class III slot machines are most commonly seen in Nevada or Atlantic City and are sometimes referred to as "Vegas-style slots".
Legislation
United States
Indian Game Rules Act sets three game classes with different setting schemes for each:
Three classes
Class I
Class I gaming is defined as (1) traditional Indian games, which may be part of ceremonies and tribal celebrations, and (2) social games for minimal prizes. The governing authority of the class I game is exclusively given to tribal governments and is not subject to IGRA requirements.
Class II
Class II games are defined as game opportunities commonly known as bingo (whether electronics, computers, or other technological aids are used in conjunction with it) and, if played in the same location as bingo, pull tabs, blow boards, jars, instant bingo , and other games similar to bingo. Class II games also include non-bank card games, that is, games that are played exclusively against other players rather than against home or players acting as banks. The law specifically excludes electronic slot machines or facsimiles of any chance games from the class II game definitions.
The tribe retains their authority to undertake, license and organize class II games, provided they are in accordance with the Law - including the requirement that the Tribal government adopt a game procedure approved by the National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC). Tribal government is the main entity responsible for organizing second class games on its land. Only Hawaii and Utah continue to ban all types of games.
Class III
The definition of class III games is very wide. This includes all forms of games that are not class I or II. Casual games played in casinos, such as slot machines, blackjack, craps, and roulette, are clearly included in the Class III category, as well as electronic betting and facsimile games of any chance game. Generally, class III is often referred to as a casino-style game. As a compromise, the Law limits Tribal authorities to conduct class III games.
Before the Tribe can legitimately perform class III games, the following conditions must be met:
- The Special Forms of the class III game that the Suku wants to do must be permitted in the country where the tribe is located.
- Tribes and states must negotiate a compact approved by the Interior Secretary, or the Secretary must approve the regulatory procedure.
- The tribe must have adopted the Suku game rules approved by the Commission Chairman.
The setting scheme for class III games is more complex than the usual reading of legislation that might be suggested. Although Congress is clearly intended to be a regulatory issue to be discussed in the Tribal-State compacts, it leaves behind a number of key functions in federal hands, including the approval authority over compacts, management contracts, and Tribal game procedures. The Congress also provides the Commission with wide authority to issue regulations for the sake of continuing the objectives of the Act. Thus, the Commission plays a key role in the regulation of class II and III games.
Club slot
Many American casinos offer free membership in the "slot club", which returns a fraction of the amount at stake in the form of comps (free food, drinks, hotel rooms, or merchandise), or sometimes as cash or a promise to pay cash at a later time. These clubs require players to use cards inserted into slot machines, to allow the casino to track players' action (how much each player bet is and for how long), which is often used to set game levels that may make the player qualify for additional comps.
Canada
The Government of Canada has minimal involvement in gambling outside the Canadian Criminal Code. Basically, the term "lottery scheme", used in code, means slot machines, bingo and table games are usually associated with casinos. It falls under the jurisdiction of a province or region without reference to the federal government. So no two rules or operational regimes are the same.
10 provinces all have game departments and slot machines available everywhere. Part of his income goes to the local government which in turn gives a percentage to the federal government. The available slot options are provincial negotiations with the provinces with the local Gaming Department. Each region has a very small population so there is no special department or land-based facility to play.
The history of the game First Nation in Canada was short but controversial. Only 12 First Nation Casinos spread over five provinces. The First Nation Assembly saw the jurisdiction over the game on the First Nations land as part of their constitutional rights protected by section 35 (1) of the Constitution Act, 1982. However the Supreme Court of Canada has dismissed the First State claim for the right to engage in gambling activities. Nevertheless, First Nation's largest casino revenue driver is from a slot playing machine and this arrangement is by agreement with the Indigenous Game Regulator, a subgroup delegated from each of the Gaming Authority provinces.
All provinces have dedicated gambling and aid research issues, and the region has health and social services support for individuals with gambling issues.
Australia
In Australia "Poker Machines" or "pokies" are officially called "game machines". Australian-style game machines often use video displays to simulate physical scrolls, usually five. These machines have an added bonus and a second screen feature like free games and bonus levels. They also allow multiple rows (up to 200) or multiple ways (up to 3,125) to play. The end of 2010, there are 200,057 poker machines operating in Australia, which is 2.75% of 7,249,919 gambling machines worldwide.
In a multi-way game, the player plays the entire position of each roll instead of a fixed line or pattern. For example, if a player plays a reel in game 243, they receive three symbols in the first reel that pay anywhere in three positions, while all other scrolls only pay at the center, with unused dark areas. At the other end of the scale, if the player plays 5 scrolls, the symbols can appear anywhere in the window and will pay as long as there is one on each scroll. But most games still require symbols that appear from left to right, sometimes these even include scatters. Scatter symbols remain the same as conventional games, multiplying the amount of their payments by the total bet and the number of ways/playback is played. Other multiway games give you more ways by using a 4x5 or 5x5 pattern, where there are up to 5 symbols on each scroll, allowing up to 1,024 and 3,125 ways to win each. Aristocrats refer to these games as Xtra Reel Power and Super Reel Power . These games are usually more expensive than their opponents who use Reel Power . Recently, IGT also started producing multiway games. The game maker Konami Australia also makes an alternative way of playing games using patterns, where symbols pay close to each other. Most of these games have a hexagonal reel formation, and like a multi-way game, all unplayable patterns become dark because they are not used. On both systems, scatter symbols are still paid in dark areas like standard machines where scatter does not have to appear on the payment line.
The laws governing the use of gaming machines in Australia are a problem for the state government, and therefore they vary from country to country.
Game machines are found in casinos (roughly one in every major city) as well as pubs and clubs in some states (usually sports, social, or RSL clubs). The first Australian state to legalize this gambling style was New South Wales in 1956 when they were made legal in all clubs registered in the state. There is a suggestion that the proliferation of poker machines has led to an increase in the level of gambling problems; However, the exact nature of this link is still open for research.
In 1999, the Australian Productivity Commission reported that nearly half of Australia's game machines are in New South Wales. At that time, 21% of all gambling machines in the world operate in Australia, and on a per capita basis, Australia has about five times as many gambling machines as the United States. Australia ranks 8th in terms of number of gaming machines after Japan, US, Italy, England, Spain and Germany. The main reason for this is that gaming machines have been legal in the state of New South Wales since 1956 and more than that the number of machines has grown to 97,103 (as of December 2010, including Australian Capital Territory). By comparison, the US state of Nevada that legalized the game including slots several decades before the NSW, had 190,135 operating slots.
Revenues from gaming machines in pubs and clubs accounted for more than half of the $ 4 billion of gambling revenues collected by state governments in fiscal year 2002 - 03
In Queensland, gaming machines in pubs and clubs should provide an 85% return rate while machines located in the casino should provide a 90% rate of return. Most other countries have similar provisions. In Victoria, the gaming machine must provide a minimum rate of return of 87% (including jackpot contribution), including the engine at Crown Casino. Beginning December 1, 2007, all gaming machines with support for $ 100 records are prohibited due to amendments to game legislation; all gambling machines made since 2003 comply with this rule. The new law also prohibits machines that will automatically play with the keypad held. One exception to this law is at Crown Casino, every player with a VIP loyalty card can still enter $ 100 notes and use an auto-rotate feature, where the machine will continue to play without player intervention until the credit runs out or players intervene. All gaming machines in Victoria have a screen of information accessible to the user by pressing the 'i key' button, showing the rules of the game, paytable, back to the percentage of players, and the top five and bottom combinations, with the opportunities shown. This combination is stated to be played on minimum bets (typically 1 credit per line, with 1 line or reel play), excluding feature wins.
Western Australia only allows the use of specialized forms of gambling machines at Burswood casinos, and no gambling machines that can be used elsewhere. This policy (the strictest in Australia) has a long historical base, and is reaffirmed by the Royal Commission of 1974 to Gambling:
... playing poker machine is an unwarranted, repetitive and dangerous form of gambling that has many unwanted features. It does not require thinking, no skills or social contact. Opportunities are never about winning. Watching people play heavy equipment for long periods of time, at least the impressionistic evidence is that they are addicted to many people. Historical poker machines have been banned from Western Australia and we consider that, in the public interest, they must remain banned. -Report of the Royal Commission into Gambling 1974, p. 72
Nick Xenophon was elected to the No Pokies independent ticket in the South Australian Legislative Council at the 1997 Southern Australian state election of 2.9 percent, and was re-elected in the 2006 elections at 20.5 percent, before being elected to the Australian Senate in the 2007 federal election on 14 , 8 percent. Independent candidate Andrew Wilkie, an anti-pokies activist, was elected to the parliamentary seat of Denison in the 2010 federal election. Wilkie is one of four crossbenchers who support the Labor government of Gillard following the hanging parliamentary results. Wilkie immediately began a relationship with Xenophon as soon as it became clear that he was elected. In return for Wilkie's support, the Labor government is trying to implement pre-commitment technology for high/high intensity poker machines, against opposition from Coalition Tony Abbott and the Australian Club.
Russian
In Russia, slot clubs appeared quite late, only in 1992. Prior to 1992 slot machines existed only in casinos and in small shops, but then slot clubs began to grow across the country. The most popular and many clubs are "Vulcan 777" and "Taj Mahal". After 2009, when a ban on gambling, almost all club slots disappeared, and only appeared in official gambling zones.
United Kingdom
The provision of slot machines is covered by the Gambling Act 2005. This replaces Act Gaming 1968.
Slot machines in the UK are categorized by the definitions produced by the Gambling Commission as part of the law brought under the Gambling Act of 2005.
Casinos built under the 1968 Act are allowed to accommodate up to twenty category B to D machines or a number of C or D machines instead. As defined by the 2005 Act, a large casino will have a maximum of one hundred and fifty machines from each combination of machines in categories B to D, within a total limit of one hundred and fifty (depending on the 5: 1 table ratio engine) and a small casino will have a maximum of eight twenty machines of any combination of machines in categories B to D, within the total limit of eighty (depending on the ratio of machines to table 2: 1).
Category A
Category A games are set as preparation for the planned "Super Casinos". Despite a lengthy bidding process, with Manchester being selected as the sole planned location, development was canceled shortly after Gordon Brown became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. As a result, there is no legitimate Category A game in the UK.
Category B
Category B games are divided into subcategories. However, the differences between games B1, B3 and B4 are mainly bets and prizes as defined in the table above. B2 game categories - Fixed odds betting terminals (FOBTs) - have very different betting and reward rules. FOBTs are primarily found in licensed betting stores, or bets, usually in the form of electronic roulette.
The game is based on a random number generator and thus the probability of getting a jackpot in every game is not dependent on other games, and this probability is all the same. If a pseudorandom number generator is used instead of a completely random one, the probability is not really independent, since each pseudorandom number is determined at least in part by the preceding one.
Category C
Category C games are often referred to as fruit machines , one-armed bandits and AWP (Entertainment With Prizes). Fruit machines are usually found in pubs, clubs, and arcades. The machine generally has three scrolls, but can be found with four or five scrolls with about sixteen to twenty-four symbols printed around it. Rolls are played every game, and if certain symbol combinations appear, then the winnings are paid by the machine, or subtitles are played. These games often have many extra features, impressions and subgame with opportunities to win money; usually more than can be won only from payouts on reel combinations.
Fruit machines in the United Kingdom almost universally have the following features, generally randomly selected using a pseudorandom number generator:
- A player (known in industry as a player ) may be given the opportunity to hold one or more scrolls before spinning, which means that the roll will not rotate on the next game, but instead will keep its settings in the previous round. This can sometimes increase the chances of winning, especially if two or more scrolls are held.
- Players can also be assigned a number of nudge after round (or, in some machines, as a result in a subgame). Nudge is a one-step rotation of the player's preferred roll (though the machine may not allow all reels to be inserted for a particular game).
- Cheats can also be available on the internet or via email newsletters for customers. This cheat gives players the impression of a profit, whereas in reality the percentage of payments remains exactly the same. The most widely used cheat is known as Hold after nudge and increases the chance that the player will win following the failed nudge. Cheats give players an incentive to play the latest games. In fact, machines from the early 1990s did not advertise the Hold after nudge concept when this feature was first introduced, it became very popular among players and was widespread among new machine releases that are now also advertised on machines while playing. This is marked with a message on the screen like DO NOT LEAVE ANY or LET 'EM SPIN and is a designed feature of the machine, not a cheat at all.
This is known for machines to pay for multiple jackpots, one after another (these are known as streaks or raves ) but each jackpot needs a new game to play so it does not violate the law on maximum payouts on one game. Usually this involves a player just pressing the Start button for which one credit is taken, regardless of whether this causes the spinning spool or not. The minimum payout percentage is 70%, with pubs often arranging payments of about 78%.
Japanese
Japanese slot machines, known as pachisuro ( ???? ) or pachislot (portmanteaus from the words "pachinko" and "slot machine"), is a derivative of the traditional Japanese pachinko game. Slot machines are a fairly new phenomenon and they can be found primarily in the pachinko parlors and the mature part of the arcade of entertainment, known as the game center.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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