Yarn is a long and sustainable interlock fiber, suitable for use in textile, sewing, knitting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or ropemaking. Yarn is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern sewing threads can be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the pressure involved in sewing. The embroidery thread is a yarn specially designed for hand embroidery or machine.
Video Yarn
Etimologi
The word thread comes from English Darkness, from Old English homesick, similar to the thread of Old High Italian jarn , string Greek chord? , and the band's Sanskrit hira . Maps Yarn
Materials
Yarns can be made of any number of artificial or natural fibers. Many different types of threads are made. There are two main types of yarn: spun and filament.
Fiber
The most common plant fiber is cotton, which is usually spun into fine yarn for mechanical weaving or knitting into fabric.
Cotton and polyester are the most common spun fibers in the world. Cotton is grown worldwide, harvested, dried, and prepared for yarn spinning. Polyester is extruded from polymers derived from natural gas and oil. Synthetic fibers are generally extruded in a continuous strand of gel-state material. This strand is pulled (stretched), annealed (hardened), and healed to obtain the desired properties for further processing.
Synthetic fibers have three basic shapes: staple, tow, and filament. Staple is a cut fiber, generally sold with a length up to 120mm. Tow is a continuous fiber "strap" consisting of many loosely bonded filaments. Filaments are continuous strands consisting of anything from 1 filament to many. Synthetic fibers are most often measured in weight per basis of linear measurements, along with cut lengths. Denier and Dtex are the most common weight sizes for length. The cut length is only valid for staple fibers.
Extrusion filtrate is sometimes referred to as "spinning" but most people equate spinning with spun yarn production.
The most often rotating animal fiber is the wool taken from the sheep. For knitting hand and knitting yarn, thickness, wool and acrylic yarn are often used.
Other animal fibers used include alpaca, angora, mohair, llama, cashmere, and silk. More rarely, threads can be spun from camels, yak, possums, musk ox, cats, dogs, wolves, rabbits, or buffalo hair, and even turkey or ostrich feathers. These natural fibers have the advantage of being slightly elastic and very breathable, while trapping a lot of air, making the cloth warm enough.
Other natural fibers that can be used for yarn include linen and cotton. These tend to be much more elastic, and retain less warmth than the fur threads, although they can be stronger in some cases. The finished product will also look somewhat different from the wool yarn. Other rotatable plant fibers include bamboo, hemp, corn, nettle, and soy fiber.
Comparison of material properties
In general, natural fibers tend to require more careful handling than synthetics because they can shrink, feel, stain, spill, fade, stretch, wrinkle, or eat moths faster, unless special care such as mercerization or superwash is done to strengthen, improve color, or enhance its own fiber properties.
The protein thread (ie, hair, silk, feathers) can also cause irritation in some people, causing contact dermatitis, hives, wheezing, or other reactions. Plant fibers tend to be more tolerable by people with sensitivity to protein threads, and allergies may suggest using them or synthetics to prevent symptoms. Some people find that they can tolerate organically grown and processed protein fibers, probably because organic processing standards inhibit the use of chemicals that can irritate the skin.
When natural hair type fibers are burned, they tend to burn and have a burning hair odor; This is because many, as human hair, come from proteins. Cotton yarn and viscose (rayon) burn as axis. Synthetic threads generally tend to melt even though some of the synthetics are essentially fire resistant. Paying attention to how unidentified fiber strands are burning and smells can help in determining whether they are natural or synthetic, and what their fiber content is.
Synthetic and natural yarn can contain pills. Pilling is a function of fiber content, spinning method, rotation, long adjacent stapling, and fabric construction. Single ply yarns or using fibers such as merino wool are known to be largely due to the fact that in the first layer, a single layer is not tight enough to hold all the fibers safely below abrasion, and the length of the merino wool staple allows the edges. fiber to get out of the twist easier.
Yarns that combine synthetic and natural fibers inherit the properties of each parent, according to the proportional composition. Synthetics are added to lower costs, increase durability, add unusual color or visual effects, provide engine absorption and stain resistance, reduce heat retention or reduce the weight of the garment.
Structure
Spun yarn is made by rotating staple fibers together to create cohesive, or "singular" threads. Twisting fiber into yarn in a process called spinning can be recalculated to Upper Paleolithic, and yarn spinning is one of the earliest processes to be industrialized. The spun yarn may contain one type of fiber, or a mixture of various types. Combining synthetic fibers (which can have high strength, sparkle, and refractory qualities) with natural fibers (which have good water absorption and comfortable skin quality) is very common. The most widely used mixture is a mixture of cotton-polyester and wool-acrylic. Different natural fiber blends are also common, especially with more expensive fibers such as alpaca, angora, and cashmere.
Yarn is selected for various textiles based on yarn fiber characteristics, such as warm (wool), light (cotton or rayon), durability (nylon added to sock yarn, for example), or softness (cashmere, alpaca).
The thread is composed of a twisted strand of fibers, known as layers when grouped together. These strands of yarn are spun together (flattened) in the opposite direction to create a thicker thread. Depending on the direction of this last round, the thread will have s-twist (the thread appears to "go up" to the left) or z-twist (to the right). For single ply yarns, the direction of the final lap is equal to the original spin. Direction of twist yarn may affect the final properties of the fabric, and the combined use of two way plays can undo the skewing in knitted fabric.
The mechanical integrity of the yarn comes from the frictional contact between the fabric fibers. The science behind this was first studied by Galileo.
Filament yarn consists of filament fibers (very long continuous fibers) that are spun together or simply grouped together. Thick monofilament is usually used for industrial purposes rather than fabric production or fabrics. Silk is a natural filament, and synthetic filament yarns are used to produce effects like silk.
Textured threads are made with a textured air filament yarn process (sometimes referred to as
Color
Yarn can be used without eyes, or may be stained with natural or artificial coloring. Most yarns have a single uniform color, but there are also a wide selection of various threads:
- Heathered or tweed: thread with spots of different colored fibers
- Ombre: multitudinous thread with light and dark shades of a single color
- Colors: multicolor threads with two or more different colors ("colourway parrot" may be green, yellow and red)
- Self-grafting: yarn dyed with color length that will automatically create lines on knitted objects or hooks
- Marled: thread made of different colored threads twisted together, sometimes in closely related colors
The quantity of yarn for handcrafts is usually measured and sold by weight in ounces or grams. Common sizes include 25 g, 50 g, and 100 g of lumps. Some companies also mainly measure in ounces with a common size into three ounces, four ounces, six ounces, and eight ounces of spindle. Textile measurements are taken at standard temperature and humidity, because the fiber can absorb moisture from the air. The actual length of the yarn contained in a sphere or skein may vary due to the weight attached to the fiber and the thickness of the strand; for example, 50 g heavy mohair shovel lace may contain several hundred meters, while 50 g of chaff of large wool may only contain 60 meters.
There are several thicknesses of handicraft yarn, also referred to as heavy. This is not to be confused with the measurements and/or weights listed above. The Craft Yarn Council of America seeks to promote a standard industry system for measuring this, calculating weights from 1 (best) to 6 (heaviest). Some of the names for various weights of yarn from the best to the thickest are called lace, fingering, sport, double-knit (or DK), worsted, aran (or heavy worsted), large, and super-bulky. This naming convention is more descriptive than precise; fiber artists do not agree on where on the continuum of each lie, and the exact relationship between the size.
Another measure of yarn weight, often used by weavers, is wraps per inch (WPI). The threads are wrapped securely around the ruler and the amount of wrapping that fits within an inch is calculated.
Labels on yarns for crafts often include information about gauges, known in the UK as tension, which is the measurement of how many stitches and rows are produced per inch or per cm on the size of the specified crochet hook. The proposed standardization uses rectangular or four-by-four inch/ten-per-ten cm knits or hooks, with the amount of transverse and transverse sutures made by the tool suggested on the label to determine the meter.
In Europe, textile engineers often use the tex unit, which is the weight in a gram of one kilometer of yarn, or decitex, which is a finer measurement that relates to weight in grams of 10 km of yarn. Many other units have been used from time to time by various industries.
Fabric under the USB digital microscope
Below is an image taken by the USB Digital microscope. It shows how the threads are visible when different types of cloth are stored under a USB microscope.
See also
- Thread node
- Many dyes
- Apply yarns electrically
- Embroidery thread
- Microfiber
- ISO 2
- List of novelty threads
- List of threads for crocheting and knitting
- Yarn (thread)
- Textile manufacture
- Thread bombing
Note
External links
- Ã, "Yarn". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica (issue 11). 1911.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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